Mid-Term Final Test

Which factor best explains the sudden collapse of the Aztec empire?

• Aztec warriors refused to fight other Indians after their conversion to

  Christianity.

• A small number of Spaniards with superior weapons and local allies

  defeated the Aztecs.

• A series of severe droughts destroyed several Aztec harvests, leading to

  a decline in population.

• Aztec warriors were overwhelmed by the large number of soldiers coming

  from Spain.

Essential Characteristics of Civilization

• Specialized occupations

• A single written law code that all must obey

• Monotheistic religious beliefs

• Reliance on hunting and gathering for subsistence

Ancient India, Israel and Rome were similar in that each

• adopted democracy as their form of government.

• saw the development of one or more major religious movements.

• encouraged the spread of Christianity.

• established major empires that dominated the Mediterranean region.

Which geographic characteristic most influenced where the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt developed?

• They arose in river valleys, which offered mild climates and fertile soil.

• They began in steep mountains, which offered protection from foreign invaders.

• They appeared on plateaus, which provided flat areas to build towns and cities.

• They developed in deserts, which offered easy construction of roadways.

What is a major characteristic of a theocratic government?

• the existence of many political parties

• a government under the control of religious leaders

• a written constitution based on the rule of law

• direct elections for governmental decisions

The ideals of democracy, in which citizens participate in their own government, and of republican government, in which the leaders of government are elected by citizens, were first introduced by

• Mesopotamia and Han China.

• the Judeo-Christian legal tradition.

• Classical Greece and Rome.

• Great Britain and the United States.

What right did King John of England grant to freemen in the Magna Carta in 1215?

• freedom of religion

• trial by jury

• free speech

• prohibition of torture

• Lateen sail

• Preservation of ancient Greek and Roman texts

• Borrowing the concept of zero from Hindu India

• Developing a system of written numerals and Algebra

• significant accomplishments of Ming China

• achievements of the Islamic world that affected Europe

• scientific and technological advances made by feudal Europe

• skills learned by the Mongols after conquering China

Which of the following best describes how the Crusades contributed to the end of medieval Europe?

• European rulers surrendered their authority to the Pope.

• Muslims in Spain attacked Europe from the west after the Crusaders marched to the east.

• Europeans leaving their homelands were introduced to new ideas and products.

• Europeans from different lands proved unable to cooperate.

In what way were the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618–907) and the Song Dynasty (A.D. 960–1279) in China similar?

• Both encouraged equality for women in society.

• Both made innovations in the arts, sciences, and mathematics.

• Both built large overseas empires.

• Both developed a government based on elected representatives.