Cellular Respiration and Properties of Water

In terms of ATP production, which process results in the most stored energy?

• A. Aerobic respiration

• B. Anaerobic respiration

• C. Fermentation

• D. Photosynthesis

Which statement best describes the process that takes place during cellular respiration?

• A. Necessary nutrients are circulated.

• B. Hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose.

• C. Metabolic wastes are absorbed.

• D. Chemical energy is converted into a usable form.

Which equation best describes aerobic respiration?

• A. Glucose yields energy and lactic acid.

• B. Glucose and energy yield carbon dioxide.

• C. Glucose and oxygen yield energy and carbon dioxide.

• D. Glucose and oxygen yield energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?

• A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

• B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.

• C.The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.

• D. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.

Cellular respiration is the process that allows living organisms to extract energy from nutrients. What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

• A. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

• B. Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen, while aerobic respiration does not.

• C. Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, while anaerobic respiration does not.

• D. Anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, while aerobic respiration does not.

Which statement accurately describes the way that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transfers energy within a cell?

• A. ATP molecules break up sugars such as glucose into energy-rich compounds like lactose.

• B. ATP molecules split carbon dioxide molecules, and the carbon is used as fuel by the cells

• C. ATP molecules ionize oxygen molecules, which give up electrons that can then be used for energy.

• D. An ATP molecule reacts with water and loses a phosphate group, breaking a bond and releasing energy.

Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?

• A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together.

• B. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet.

• C. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface.

• D. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next.

Once ice forms on a lake in winter, the water underneath the ice remains about 4°C, even if the air temperature just above the ice is far below freezing. What property of water helps keep the water below the ice from freezing?

• A. When covalent bonds form between the water molecules in ice, they give off heat.

• B. Each water molecule stores heat in its covalent bonds during the summer and releases it slowly over the winter.

• C. The hydrogen bonds that form in the ice create a lattice structure, and the resulting extra space enables the ice to act as insulation.

• D. The unstable hydrogen bonds between the water molecules break and push the molecules around, which keeps the water from freezing.

All living things need to transport molecules from one place to another in order to carry out necessary life functions.

Living things often transport these molecules by dissolving or dissociating them in water and then moving the

resulting solution from place to place. What characteristic must a molecule have for it to form a solution in water?

• A. It must be at least as small as the polar water molecules.

• B. It must be nonpolar to be able to react with the polar water molecules.

• C. It must be at least slightly polar to be able to react with the polar water molecules.

• D. It must be covalently bonded in order to form new bonds with the polar water molecules.

1)When water in a lake freezes, the ice that forms floats on top of any water that is still liquid. Why does the ice float?

• A. Ice is less dense than liquid water, so it floats.

• B. Air bubbles trapped in the ice cause the ice to float.

• C. Ice crystals are polar, and they float on top of non-polar water.

• D. The ice forms at the top of the water, so it stays there and floats.