Early Republic Academic Vocabulary

Strengthened the power of the judiciary by making it the final authority in interpreting the Constitution.

• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)

• Georgia v. Worchester

The first political parties were formed because of disagreements over what issue?

• How should the U.S. get out of debt?

• Should the US expand its borders?

• Should Presidents be elected through electoral college or popular vote?

• Should representation in Congress be equal or based on population?

The second President, John Adams, became very unpopular when he signed these laws in response to criticism to his handling of the XYZ Affair. 

• Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
• Embargo Acts
• The XYZ Acts
• Alien & Sedition Acts

As the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton was best known for his creation 

• the Supreme Court
• the Federal Reserve 
• the Internal Revenue Service 
• a national bank

How did the Farewell Address influence presidents throughout history?

• avoiding alliances with foreign nations
• establishing a national military force
• including the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution 
• established a national bank

What is a controversial legislation of President Adams' administration restricted citizens from criticizing the government?

• The Embargo Acts
• Alien and Sedition Acts
• The Monroe Doctrine
• The Judiciary Act

What is a direct result of the Whiskey Rebellion? 

• puts the power in the hands of the federal government to stop the rebellion 
• the farmers protested and the war of 1812 broke out as a result 
• Embargo Act was implemented to cut off all trade with Europe 
• the National Bank is set up to fund the rebellion 

Why is Marbury v. Madison significant?

• only states could regulate the type of transportation used on rivers
• reinforced federal authority over trade
• establish federal authority over American Indian affairs
• established judicial review

What was a major problem faced by Washington when he became president?

• political parties could not agree
• England refused to trade with the U.S. 
• The Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced with a stronger constitution
• The US was in debt from the American Revolution 

What was Washington's focus as president?

• foreign policy 
• preventing war
• establishing judicial review
• domestic policies