Signal Transduction

What do you call it when two neurons communicate through neurotransmitters?

• Hormones
• Synapse
• Cholesterol
• Monty

What is an organic compound that is made by glands in the body (pituitary, thyroid, etc) that is used in long distance communication between cells?

• Hormones
• Neurotransmitters
• Synapse
• Carbohydrates

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

• cAMP
• G Protein
• protein kinase
• protein phosphatase

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

• phosphorylation cascade
• cAMP
• signal receptors
• phosphatase

This is an example of

• paracrine signaling
• synaptic signaling
• long-distance signaling
• all of the above

Which type of membrane protein would help intake a message from outside of the cell to inside of the cell?

• Receptor Protein

• Enzymatic Protein

• Channel Protein

• Junction Protein

• ATP Synthase

Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands?

• All ligands are proteins.

• Each ligand is only able to bind to one specific receptor

• Ligands can bind to cell-surface receptors, but they cannot enter the cell

• Ligands bond to receptor proteins and cause the protein to relay a message to intracellular proteins.

What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?

• G-protein receptor
• tyrosine kinase receptor
• gated ion channel