Signal Transduction

Which of these is a pro of an enzymatic cascade?

• It leads to regulation

• It amplifies the response of a single binding molecule

• It decreases the response of a single binding molecule

• Because it is unregulated, it provides a variety of responses

Growth factors are a family of proteins that bind to receptors with the main purpose of proliferating and/or differentiating?

• True

• False

How are receptors classified?

• Kinase Activity

• Ligands

• Structure

• All of the above

A nonreceptor kinase requires a ligand to bind directly to it in order to phosphorylate other proteins.

• True

• False

Once GTP replaces GDP, the alpha subunit always goes on to activate succeeding proteins.

• True

• False

Which of these is necessary for the activation of PKC? Select all that apply.

• PLC must be activated

• PKA must be activated

• PIP2 must be broken down

• cAMP must be produced

PKC is a member of the tyrosine kinase family

• True

• False

A cell has a mutation which causes unregulated growth of the cell, what are possible locations for the mutation listed below? Select all that apply.

• Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase is unable to be phosphorylated

• The phosphotase is inactive

• The intracellular hormone receptor cannot bind to its DNA sequence

• The alpha subunit GTPase activity is nonfunctional

• The growth factor receptor is truncated leaving an active kinase extracellular tail

Nuclear receptors are linear receptors that bind directly to DNA in a ___________ fashion. The DNA sequence that recognizes these receptors are called ___________.

• Trimeric; HRE's

• Trimeric; LBD's

• Dimeric; HRE's

• Dimeric; LBD's

Membrane receptors can be classified into different families based on their structures, their kinase activity, and the ligand they bind to.

• True

• False