2019 - 2015 - Biology EOC - Genetics & Evolution

Genetically identical plants will produce either pink flowers or blue flowers, depending on the type of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color?

• The flower-color gene is codominant.

• Mutations alter the flower-color gene.

• The flower-color gene is sex-linked.

• Environmental factors affect flower color.

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Having freckles is dominant over not having freckles. If two individuals heterozygous for freckles have a child, what is the probability the child will have freckles?

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

• 0%

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Identical twin girls are separated at birth and cared for by two different families.

After twenty years, the twins have different heights and weights. What is most likely the cause of these differences?

• The proteins made by one twin were different than the proteins made by the other twin.

• Each twin was provided a different diet and physical activities.

• The DNA of one twin was different from the DNA of the other twin.

• One twin had a genetic condition that prevented her from growing tall.

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The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked, recessive trait.

Which would most likely result if a short-winged female mates with a long-winged male?

• All offspring will be short-winged.

• All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged.

• All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged.

• Half of the males and females will be short-winged, and half will belong-winged.

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How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells?

• It would increase cell specialization in organs.

• It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells.

• It would produce new nucleotides for DNA molecules.

• It would cause an increase in red blood cell production.

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Which substance do biochemists often search for in fossils to help better understand the evolutionary relationships of the organism that formed the fossil?

• ATP

• DNA

• iron

• oxygen

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Scientists believe that the polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia evolved from a common ancestor. Which would be responsible for this evolutionary change?

• artificial selection

• asexual reproduction

• sexual competition

• geographic isolation

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An antibiotic which was effective 20 years ago against a specific type of bacterial infection no longer works against the same kind of infection today. Which best explains why the antibiotic is no longer as effective as it was 20 years ago?

• Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic have killed off nonresistant bacteria.

• Viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria that causes the infection.

• Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria.

• The human body has developed an immunity to the antibiotics.

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An insecticide kills most of the ants on a plant. Over time, it is determined that the insecticide is not as effective for killing ants.

Which statement best explains this observation?

• The ants killed initially by the insecticide were genetically the same as the surviving ants.

• The ants killed initially by the insecticide had thinner cell membranes than the surviving ants.

• The ants that survived were younger than those that died as a result of the insecticide.

• The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically different.

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Some marine worms and mollusks go through similar larval stages during development. Which can be inferred about their relationship?

• They share a common ancestor.

• They mate with each other.

• They compete for a habitat.

• They share the same food source

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