Development Cloning and Cancer

Which of the following statements is true of embryonic stem cells?

• They normally differentiate into only eggs and sperm.

• They can give rise to all cell types in the organism.

• They can continue to reproduce for an indefinite period.

• They can provide enormous amounts of information about the process of gene regulation.

Which of the following statements accurately describes one main characteristic of proto-oncogenes?

• Their normal function is to suppress tumor growth.

• They are produced by somatic mutations induced by carcinogenic substances.

• They code for proteins associated with normal cell growth.

• They are underexpressed in cancer cells.

Which of the following statements correctly describes tumor-suppressor genes?

• They are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells.

• They are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses.

• They can encode proteins that promote DNA repair or cell-cell adhesion.

• They often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.

A genetic test to detect predisposition to cancer would likely examine the APC gene for involvement in which type(s) of cancer?

• colorectal

• lung and breast

• small intestinal and esophageal

• lung only

In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated in order to contribute to a cell developing into a cancer cell. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

• genes coding for enzymes that act in the colon

• genes involved in control of the cell cycle

• genes that are especially susceptible to mutation

• the same genes that Knudsen identified as associated with retinoblastoma

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

• express different genes.

• contain different genes.

• use different genetic codes.

• have unique ribosomes.

Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?

• Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections.

• Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes.

• Proto-oncogenes are genetic "junk."

• Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division.

What is the physical process that gives an organism its shape?

• differentiation

• determination

• developgenesis

• morphogenesis

How can a developing embryo give rise to different cell types?

• cytoplasmic determinants from the egg

• different genes in each cell

• differential determination from the sperm

• hormones from the mother

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What commits a cell irreversibly to its final fate?

• morphogenesis

• development

• determination

• fertilization

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4