Industrialization & Immigration

This refers to the social and economic change that took place from the technological advancements (inventions) & the development of large scale industrial production:

• Mercantilism

• Industrialization

• Socialism

• Capitalism

This fueled the industrial boom in the U.S.; examples include coal, iron ore, and oil.

• Urbanization

• Mechanization

• Immigration

• Natural Resources

By 1880, 90% of the nation's steel was produced using this method to remove impurities from iron:

• Bessemer Process

• Global Process

• Iron Range

• Welding Process

Which of the following statements is a cause of the growth of big business?

• Monopolies & trusts all would dominate industry in the U.S.

• Workers faced harsh working and living conditions

• The United States has a rich supply of natural resources

• Labor unions would grow in response to a demand for protection of workers

Which of the following statements is an effect of the growth of big business?

• Inventions helped make businesses run more efficiently

• Labor unions would grow in response to a demand for protection of workers

• The building of the transcontinental railroad lowered the costs of shipping

• Many small businesses merged together to form large companies

Andrew Carnegie dominated which industry?

• Oil

• Steel

• Railroad

John Rockefeller dominated which industry?

• Oil

• Steel

• Railroad

What strategy was used by Andrew Carnegie to gain control of the steel industry?

• through vertical integration in which he controlled all parts of production, from the suppliers of raw materials to the manufactured product

• he developed a trust in which he merged together companies in the same phase of production

• through horizontal integration in which he bought out his competitors and sold them to be controlled by a board of trustees

What was the Standard Oil Company?

• it was a business that competed with other oil companies in oil production

• it was an anti-trust business set up by the U.S. government to control the oil industry

• a trust, which brought together other oil firms to be controlled by a board of trustees

• a company that used horizontal consolidation to control all phases of the production of oil

How does the theory of Social Darwinism justify the actions of industrialists like Carnegie?

• it states that the government should keep its hands off the economy so businesses will offer low prices

• that the rich were the most "fit" in society and helping the poor would only preserve the unfit

• that hard work and material success were signs that God favored the wealthy

• that the wealth had a God-give responsibility to help other by donating their money