IB Biology The Kidney

What structures are labelled I, II and III in the diagram of the kidney?

• I = medulla; II = pelvis; III = urethra

• I = cortex; II = medulla; III = ureter

• I = medulla; II = pelvis; III = ureter

• I = cortex; II = medulla; III = urethra

Where in the kidney does ultrafiltration happen?

• Loop of Henle

• Proximal convoluted tubule

• Distal convoluted tubule

• Glomerulus

The walls of blood capillaries in the kidney are fenestrated.

How does the fenestration of these capillaries help in the production of urine?

• A larger volume of fluid can be filtered out of the blood per minute.

• Small molecules are allowed through but not large ones.

• Higher blood pressures can be tolerated without damage to the capillaries.

• Phagocytes are able to escape from the capillaries and prevent kidney infections

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

The diagram below shows part of the glomerulus from a kidney as seen under the electron microscope.

AWhich part is the basement membrane?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

What substances are usually removed from the body by the kidney?

I. Urea

II. Water

III. Glucose

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The diagram below shows a longitudinal section through a kidney.

What is the structure labelled Z and what is its function?

• Z = pelvis; Function = osmoregulation

• Z = cortex; Function = ultrafiltration

• Z = medulla; Function = ultrafiltration

• Z = cortex; Function = osmoregulation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

During urine production, what happens if the water content of the blood is too low?

• The pituitary gland stops secreting ADH

• The walls of the collecting duct become less permeable to water

• Large volumes of dilute urine are produced

• More aquaporins are inserted in the cells of the collecting duct

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following best describes what happens in the glomerulus?

• Regulation of salt balance leading to the production of urine

• Ultrafiltration introduces water and other molecules into the capillaries

• High blood pressure forces water and other molecules into the nephron

• Selective reabsorption of water and molecules by active transport

Why should glucose not appear in urine?

• It is too large to be filtered through the Bowman's capsule

• It is rebsorbed in the collecting duct

• It is rebsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule

• It is rebsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

Which best describes the role of the kidney in homeostasis?

• Removing urea from the blood

• Producing urine at a constant rate

• Maintaining the water content of the blood between narrow limits

• Storage of urine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3