AP Psychology Midterm Review

Sigmund Freud emphasized the role of childhood events and the unconscious in one's life. Which of the following theoretical approaches does Freud represent?

• cognitive

• structuralism

• behavioral

• psychoanalytic

• humanistic

Johann is 83 years old and has recently experienced a stroke, which left the right side of his body paralyzed. In addition, he is having trouble understanding direct questions or requests. Johann has no trouble speaking. Which of the following brain areas is likely to have been damaged by Johann's strokes?

• somatosensory cortex

• Wernicke's area

• hypothalamus

• Broca's area

• reticular activating system

Jennifer spent most of her free time playing lacrosse because she loved the strategy of the game and enjoyed spending time with her teammates. She earned a college scholarship for lacrosse and must continue playing in order to keep her scholarship. She appreciates the financial incentive this opportunity has provided, but now finds herself playing only to keep her scholarship rather than for the love of the game. Which of the following best explains her feelings towards lacrosse when she is in college?

• positive punishment

• drive reduction theory of motivation

• overjustification effect

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs

• negative reinforcement

William James believed that one's stream of consciousness would allow the individual to be properly evaluated by sharing his collective life experience. James posed this as an alternative to Wundt's process of introspection. James's theory is known as

• structuralist approach

• Gestalt psychology

• functionalist approach

• psychoanalytic theory

• James-Lange theory

A visual message moves from the visual receptors located in the retina (rods and cones) towards the occipital lobe. Choose the correct route of the message as it is processed by the respective components of the visual system.

• optic nerve; bipolar cells; ganglion cells

• fovea; ganglion cells; bipolar cells

• bipolar cells; fovea; ganglion cells

• bipolar cells; ganglion cells; optic nerve

• ganglion cells; bipolar cells; optic nerve

Henry has great anxiety before any exam. If he performs a ritual to organize exam materials before he begins, his anxiety temporarily goes away. Because this ritual provides relief for Henry, he has increased this habit. This is an example of

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• aversive conditioning

• positive reinforcement

• negative punishment

Maria conducted a survey regarding the amount of sleep individuals in her study had each night for one month. She then tested them in a virtual driving machine to see how many errors they made while driving. She wanted to determine if sleep deprivation impacted driving accuracy. She found that the less people received, the more errors they made while driving. What kind of study did Maria create and what type of relationship can be identified?

• experiment; negative

• correlational study; negative

• correlational study; illusory

• correlational study; positive

• experiment; positive

Which branch of the nervous system controls digestion, breathing, and heart rate?

• autonomic

• central

• somatic

• limbic

• endocrine

Researchers at the Big City University are studying the impact of weightlifting on the speed of student athletes on the track and field team. One group will weightlift for one hour per day and the other group will not weightlift at all during the trial period. The independent variable is _________ and the dependent variable is __

• speed; weightlifting

• studying; weightlifting

• weightlifting; studying

• weightlifting; speed

• studying; speed

Professor Smyth is studying the relationship between watching violent television and a desire to play violent video games. He finds that the teens who watch violent shows are more likely to also play violent video games. Which of the following best describes his findings?

• a negative correlation

• an illusory correlation

• a normal distribution

• a positive correlation

• a bimodal distribution