Genetic Midterm Exam

The diagram depicts the process of crossing over, which occurs between homologous chromosomes during gamete formation.

What is the result of this process?

• An increase in offspring variation

• The deletion of amino acids in proteins

• An increase in mutations in genetic material

• The production of gametes that are genetically identical

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In a particular species of mice, a single gene (B or b) determines tail length. The short-tail allele is sex-linked and dominant. Shading in the pedigree below indicates that an individual has a short tail. The pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of the short-tail allele over three generations of mice.

Individual 6 is female. What is the genotype of individual 6?

• X^BX^b

• X^bX^b

• X^BY

• X^bY

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which statement describes crossing over as it occurs in meiosis?

• The alleles of the gene separate

• Spindle Fibers pull apart sister chromatids.

• Genes moves to opposite ends of the chromosomes.

• Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA.

Which method do scientists use to confirm that crossing over occurs?

• cloning

• dihybrid crosses

• gel electrophoresis

• genetic engineering

A student is studying feather color inheritance in a certain species of chickens observes that the chickens that have black (homozygous), blue (heterozygous), or white (homozygous) feathers. The student hypothesizes that the feather color traits follows the incomplete dominance inheritance pattern.

Which data table would support the student's hypothesis?

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Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In Labrador retriever dog, the black coat color allele (B) is dominant over the chocolate coat color allele (b). However, some litters produce dogs that have a yellow coat color. Scientists have determined this is because of a second gene that can influence coat color. If this eumelanin gene is recessive for both is recessive for both alleles (e), the dog's coat will be yellow regardless of the alleles for the other coat color gene.

A dog breeder sets up a cross between a dog that is homozygous dominant for color (BB) and heterozygous for eumelanin (Ee) with a dog that is homozygous recessive for coat color (bb) and heterozygous for eumalanin (Ee).

Place the dogs in the Punnett sqaure to show the color coat that would result from this cross.

1.) You may use each dog more than once

2.) You should fill all the blank boxes in the Punnett Square.

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Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram shows four different cells from the same animal.

Which statement about the cells is accurate?

• The four cells have identical DNA sequences.

• Cell 3 and Cell 4 have the longest DNA sequences because they have longer shapes.

• The four cells are different shapes because they come from different parent organisms.

• Cell 1 and Cell 2 have all of the same active genes even though they are from different body systems.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

A group of students studied four different cell specimens under a microscope and recorded information about each cell in this table.

Which cell is a prokaryote?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A bacterium was discovered in several hot springs. The temperature of the springs can range 50 to 80 degrees Celsius. Scientists investigate an enzyme from this bacterium. They set up the data table shown to record their results.

Which question could be answered using the data collected?

• How does the enzyme's shape change over time?

• How does temperature affect the rate of the enzyme?

• How does substrate concentration affect the reaction rate of the enzyme?

• How does the active site of the enzyme change with different temperatures?

Which type of macromolecule stores energy and provides thermal insulation for the body?

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic acid

• Carbohydrate