Unit 3 Culture Test

An ethnic neighborhood is best described as which of the following?

• A voluntary urban community where people of similar origin reside

• A rural community where people with similar backgrounds are required to live

• An area in the inner city where certain groups are forced to live

• A city neighborhood that is undergoing population change due to immigration

• An involuntary community where people with similar values reside

Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation?

• A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood.

• The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. All of the children were taught English, and girls were taught how to be homemakers.

• Hinduism diffused from India to Bali, where it blended with traditional Balinese beliefs to create a form of Hinduism unique to Bali.

• The island of Mauritius has large populations of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. The constitution of Mauritius prohibits discrimination and protects freedom of religion.

• Despite the large number of historic churches in France, many French identify as nonreligious and believe that religion is a private matter.

Which of the following best explains how Christianity became the dominant religion in the Philippines?

• Christianity was brought to the Philippines through relocation diffusion when the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the sixteenth century.

• Christianity entered the Philippines through contagious diffusion because of its proximity to Indonesia.

• A secondary hearth for Christianity arose in the Philippines in the twelfth century, and since that time Christianity has remained the dominant religion in the Philippines.

• Christianity entered the Philippines through the ministry of representatives from the Russian Orthodox church.

• Export-oriented logging companies from Japan brought Christianity to the Philippines during the twentieth century.

Cities in India have a competitive advantage over cities in China as locations for international consumer services, such as call centers and bill processing. This advantage has its origins in which of the following?

• Large amounts of mineral resources found in China used to manufacture goods for export

• Low levels of primary-level education in China

• The Indian government’s status as a neutral state in global political affairs

• The English language legacy of British colonialism in India

• Chinese emigration to Southeast Asia in the 1800s and 1900s

Cultural landscape can be defined as

• a particular area within a geographic region dedicated to cultural activities

• the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans

• the ways that people in differing cultures perceive the environment

• the diversity of distinctive cultures within a particular geographic area

• the types of art, music, dance, and theater practiced in a particular region

Chinese porcelain was highly valued in Europe for its beauty, style, and durability. However, imported porcelain from China was very expensive. Crafters in Germany and England developed new methods of making porcelain using feldspar and bone rather than the kaolin that was used in China. This new porcelain was viewed as having similar quality to Chinese porcelain, and the new methods continued to be used in Europe.

This example describes what type of diffusion?

• Relocation diffusion, because the Chinese brought their porcelain to Europe

• Expansion diffusion, because the porcelain-making process spread from China to Europe

• Hierarchical diffusion, because only the wealthy could afford porcelain

• Contagious diffusion, because people throughout the world adopted the use of porcelain

• Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needs

Which of the following statements best explains why English is the most widely spoken language in North America?

• The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain.

• The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. This primarily occurred as a way of unifying the immigrant populations in both the United States and Canada.

• The English language was established as the official language of all of the British colonies in North America. Over time, it diffused throughout the population from the colonial leadership to the population.

• The English language diffused throughout North America through the process of hierarchical diffusion. The language was initially spoken in cities and was gradually adopted by people living in rural areas.

• The English language diffused to North America through the process of contagious diffusion. Christian missionaries were responsible for the spread of the language among the indigenous population.

The photograph shows a road sign in the Republic of Ireland. Which of the following best describes the sign's significance within the cultural landscape?

• The sign indicates that County Cork is a linguistic region of the Republic of Ireland.

• The sign delineates an international political border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

• The sign promotes the use of traditional language among citizens of the Republic of Ireland.

• The sign represents a uniform cultural identity within the region.

• The sign promotes the use of a single language in the region.

The sign shown in the image includes an Internet address for the county government. Explain how the sign illustrates the cultural tensions between traditional languages and English.

• English is being used less outside of the United Kingdom. Speaking a traditional language as a first language has become the norm in former British colonies.

• The Internet is produced only in English; as a result, many traditional languages disappear due to the dominance of English-language communication.

• Many countries ban the use of English-language Internet sites in an effort to resist the forces of globalization and protect their traditional languages.

• The Internet spreads the use of English as a global lingua franca, but the Internet is also a place where traditional languages can be communicated and thrive.

• English is used for business and commerce on the Internet, while traditional languages such as Gaelic can only be heard in poems and music recordings but not written on the Internet.

Which of the following best explains how the English language diffused to the location shown in the image?

• The English language was imposed on this location through a process of economic and political domination.

• English came to this location recently via imported popular culture such as movies and music.

• English was the standard language of the Catholic Church and diffused to this location through religious practices.

• English was voluntarily adopted in this location as a useful lingua franca.

• This location is the hearth of the English language, and English is the area's traditional language.