AP Psychology Review 1

Who is considered a Humanistic Psychologist?

• Freud
• Skinner
• Ivan Pavlov
• Maslow

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. 

• iconic memory
• implicit memory
• echoic memory
• working memory

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. 

• relearning 
• chunking 
• encoding
• priming

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?

• It is correlated with dreaming.
• It leads to a marked increase in muscle tone.
• It alternates with NREM sleep in 30 minute cycles.
• It occurs during the first half of an individual's sleep cycle.

The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. 

•  memory
• encoding
•  priming
• chunking

Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression.  This means

• 
  low self-esteem causes depression
• 
  depression causes low self-esteem
• 
  low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor
• 
  they are correlated but this does  not prove causation

In a set of studies, Ivan Pavlov first touched a dog lightly on the side of its body and a few seconds later placed vinegar on the dog's tongue. The vinegar made the dog salivate. After several pairings of touch and vinegar, the dog began to salivate as soon as it was touched and before it was given the vinegar. In these studies which of the following with the conditioned stimulus?

• Touch to the body
• Vinegar on the tongue
• Salivation to the touch
• Salivation to the vinegar

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.

• Just noticeable differrence
• difference threshold
• psychophysics
• absolute threshold

Estimate the correlation coefficient

• r=-1
• r=1
• r=-0.5
• r=0.5

A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing

• a placebo effect
• catharsis
• negative transference
• tardive dyskinesia