Early African empires in Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became rich by trading in what?

• slaves

• water and meat

• timber and coal

• salt and gold

Where did European slave traders send African slaves to during the 1500s-1800s?

• Europe

• North America and South America

• Asia

• Australia and New Zealand

About how many slaves were taken from Africa by European slave traders?

• 12 million

• 1 million

• 100,000

• 12,000

What were the consequences of the African slave trade?

• The African economy weakened due to losing young, strong workers.

• African kingdoms weakened due to European interference and loss of soldiers.

• African families were torn apart, and many villages disappeared.

• All of these

Beginning in the 1880s, European armies seized control of Africa and carved it into what?

• Cities

• States

• Colonies

• Countries

Why did the Europeans take control of African lands?

• They wanted to control Africa's natural resources.

• They wanted to destroy Africa's wildlife.

• They wanted to help the Africans build better lives for themselves.

• They wanted to create new trade routes in Africa.

Which two European countries controlled the most African colonies?

• Belgium and Italy

• France and Great Britain

• Great Britain and Germany

• France and Spain

Many Africans demanded independence after helping European powers fight in what conflict(s)?

• World War I and World War II

• Korean War

• Vietnam War

• American Revolution and French Revolution

South African laws that separated ethnic groups and limited the rights of black South Africans were called what?

• Refugee

• Apartheid

• Genocide

• Famine

Who was elected the first black president of South Africa?

• Desmond Tutu

• Mohandas Gandhi

• Nelson Mandela

• George Washington