2019 Biology 1st Semester Review

Enzymes are able to cause a chemical reaction -

• when it fits into the substrate active site

• when it has the same charge as the substrate

• when it is the reactant

• when it is the substrate

The monomer of a carbohydrate:

• monosaccharides

• amino acids

• nucloetides

• gylcerol

Main source of energy for living things:

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

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Function of Nucleic Acids

• store and transmit heredity

• fight disease

• speed up chemical reactions

• build bone and muscle

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Prokaryotes do not have:

• a nucleus

• genetic material

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

Found in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell:

• mitochondria

• ribosome

• chloroplast

• smooth ER

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function of the cell membrane:

• breaks down lipids

• stores water and salts

• keeps the cell wall in place

• controls what enters and leaves the cell

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Diffusion is the movement of particles -

• from low to high concentration

• from high to low concentration

• from equilibrium to high concentration

• from equilibrium to low concentration

Example of Active Transport:

• diffusion

• osmosis

• facilitated diffusion

• exocytosis

the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is called -

• osmolarity

• osmosis

• facilitated diffusion

• active transport