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What was a major foreign policy goal of the United States during the first half of the 1800s?

• forming defense alliances with European nations

• establishing colonies in the Caribbean and Latin America

• maintaining neutrality while increasing foreign trade

• continuing the transatlantic African slave trade

After the Civil War, a significant cause of the conflict between President Andrew Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress was disagreement over

• the plans for restoring Southern states to the Union

• a proposal to repeal the Emancipation Proclamation

• reduction of the army and the navy to prewar levels

• congressional efforts to pay the Confederate war debt

1688) During Reconstruction, what was a belief of theRadical Republicans?

• The former Confederate States should be brought back into the Union as quickly as possible.

• Reconstruction should be used to force political and social reform in the Southern States.

• The North and South should take equal responsibility for causing the Civil War.

• The freedmen should be denied equal civil rights.

The provision of the Radical Republicans' plan for Reconstruction that Southern States found most objectionable was that a former Confederate State could not be readmitted to the Union unless that State

• gave land and money to former slaves

• granted full citizenship to former Confederate leaders

• ratified the 14th amendment

• agreed to modernize its economy

What was a major result of the Reconstruction Period?

• The political and economic rights of women were expanded and strengthened.

• The power of the states increased at the expense of the Federal Government.

• Racial segregation in United States schools ended.

• The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were added to the United States Constitution.

What was a common goal of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution?

• punishing the South for seceding from the Union

• granting basic rights to formerly enslaved persons

• allowing the states to veto federal laws

• creating a "separate but equal" society

The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of

• the 14th and 15th amendments

• the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education

• civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War

• immigration laws such as the Gentleman's Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act

After the Civil War, many owners of large plantations in the South responded to the loss of enslaved labor by

• hiring Irish immigrants to do the work of freedom

• selling their plantations to formerly enslaved persons

• creating tenant farms and sharecropping

• paying wages to farmworkers who had migrated from the North

Black Codes were established in the South immediately after the Civil War in an effort to

• integrate freedmen into American society

• enforce the Emancipation Proclamation

• expand educational opportunities

• limit the rights of newly freed African Americans

Starting in the 1870s, Jim Crow laws were enacted in Southern states as a means to

• provide an education for formerly enslaved persons

• protect the voting rights of formerly enslaved persons

• enforce racial segregation

• ensure equal protection under the law