Land and Water Review

The diagram below represents a cross section of four sedimentary rock layers containing fossil remains. The layers have not been overturned. Which type of fossil is found in the most recently formed sedimentary rock layer?

• early horses

• armored fist

• dinosaurs

• trilobites

Students made their own mixtures of soil and then planted 100 seeds in each soil type. After one month, the students counted the number of plants in each soil type that were growing healthy and strong. What was the soil like that was able to grow the most healthy plants?

• It was made mostly of sand.

• It had a large amount of clay.

• It had equal amounts of clay and sand.

• It had the highest amount of humus.

The picture shows a large rock breaking apart. Which of these is MOST likely making the rock break apart?

• hot sunlight

• plant roots

• soil insects

• running water

Which landform is produced when the crust of the earth pushes upward?

• Lake

• Delta

• Ocean

• Mountain

Water can enter cracks in rocks. When the water freezes it can expand and break the rock. Examples of this kind of changes could be found in locations with what kind of weather?

• cloudy and cool

• windy and warm

• hot and dry

• rainy and cold

The diagram below shows a river flowing through a valley. Which process caused the river valley to form?

• evaporation

• erosion

• deposition

• condensation

A diagram of rock layers is provided. The diagram shows a place where some of the rock layers were broken and shifted by an earthquake. The evidence from the patterns in this rock suggests that the earthquake happened -

• just after all four rock layers shown, W, X Y and Z, had already formed.

• long before any of the four rock layers shown, W, X Y and Z, had yet formed.

• after rock layers Y and Z formed, but before rock layers W and X formed.

• after rock layers W and X formed, but before rock layers Y and Z formed.

Tia sets up an experiment to determine if steeper hills have more erosion than less steep hills. She sets up three tables like the one pictured below. She changes the size of the sticks holding up each tray to change how steep the trays are. Tray 1 is the least steep with sticks that are 3 inches tall. Tray 2 has sticks that are 6 inches tall. Tray 3 is the steepest with sticks that are 9 inches tall.

She pours an equal amount of water slowly over the top part of each tray, and she collects the water runoff at the bottom.

She observes the water and records her observations in the table below.

Tray 1- There is a large amount of water. Water is a dark brown color.

Tray 2- There is a medium amount of water. Water is a light brown color.

Tray 3- There is only a small amount of

water. Water is almost clear.

What conclusion can be made from the observations in the data table?

• Water does not cause erosion.

• Water only causes erosion for some kinds of soils.

• The steeper the hill, the more erosion happens.

• The steeper the hill, the less erosion happens

A heavy rainfall caused the erosion of soil from a hill. Parts of the hill that had plants lost 2 centimeters of soil. Parts of the hill without plants lost 4 centimeters of soil. What was the effect of the plants on the erosion of soil?

• The plants caused the soil to erode twice as fast from the hill.

• After the rain, people had to replace plants that were washed

  away

• The parts of the hill with plants lost half as much soil.

• The rain only fell on the parts of the hill that had plants.

This table gives information about different rock layers in the same location. All the rock layers form at a rate of 2 millimeters per year. Which rock layer took the longest to form?

• Rock Layer A

• Rock Layer B

• Rock Layer C

• Rock Layer D