My APUSH Midterm Review

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."

-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

Whitefield's impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s were most directly shaped by

• Roman Catholic influences

• interest in commerce and business

• trans-Atlantic exchanges

• reliance on agriculture

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."

-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

Whitefield's open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

• The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood

• Greater independence and diversity of thought

• Movement of settlers to the backcountry

• The pursuit of social reform

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."

-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s?

• The emergence of an idea of republican self-government

• The beginning of calls for the abolition of slavery

• The increased influence of the Enlightenment

• The expansion of Protestant evangelism

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1843 to 1854 shown in the graph?

• Active encouragement of migration by the United States

• Economic and political difficulties in Germany and Ireland

• Incentives offered by United States companies looking to hire skilled migrants

• Adoption of free trade policies by European governments

Which of following was a direct effect of the trend in immigration after 1845 shown on the graph?

• An increase in sectional tensions

• A major economic downturn

• An upsurge in nativist sentiment

• The collapse of the second party system

The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following process occurring the United States at the time?

• The convergence of European and American cultures

• The emergence of an industrialized economy

• The displacement of American Indians from the Southeast

• The resurgence of evangelical Protestantism

"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over

her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

"He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. "He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . "Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. . . . "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns."

-Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 1848

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that

• women should enjoy full and equal rights with men

• women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere

• the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development

• women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship

"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over

her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

"He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. "He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . "Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. . . . "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns."

-Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 1848

Which of the following developments in the second half of the nineteenth century best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the declaration?

• The formation of voluntary organizations and reform efforts

• Women's support for the Social Gospel

• Support for outlawing the production and sale of alcohol

• Support for outlawing the production and sale of alcohol

"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over

her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

"He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. "He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . "Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. . . . "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns."

-Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 1848

Many supporters of the declaration in 1848 broke ranks with which of the following groups by the 1870s?

• Social Darwinists

• Supporters of Southern secession and states' rights

• Supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment

• Isolationists

"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these

ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."

-Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776

The excerpt was written in response to the

• British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies

• British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians

• colonial governments' failures to implement mercantilist policies

• colonial governments' attempts to extend political rights to new groups