"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The excerpt was written in response to the

British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies

British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians

colonial governments' failures to implement mercantilist policies

colonial governments' attempts to extend political rights to new groups

"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

The concept of hereditary rights and privileges

The principle of religious freedom

Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

An increase in Progressive reform activity

The passage of laws restricting immigration to the United States

A decline in efforts to Americanize immigrants

The weakening of labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor

The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century?

The growing gap between wealthy people and people living in poverty

The rise of settlement houses and Populist movement

The increased corruption in urban politics

The migration of African Americans to the North

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." -George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the

controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France

debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the transAppalachian West

dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain

conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." -George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 The ideas expressed in Washington's address most strongly influenced which United States foreign policy decision in the twentieth century?

The refusal to join the League of Nations in 1919

The establishment of the United Nations in 1945

The formation of the NATO alliance between the United States and Western Europe in 1949

The oil embargo against Japan in 1941

The map most directly depicts the

inland expansion of the colonial population

pattern of American Indian resistance

The pattern of colonial settlement up to 1700 resulted most directly from which of the following factors?

The orientation of the British colonies toward producing commodities for export to Europe

The large size of British colonial population relative to American Indian populations

British recognition of Native American sovereignty

British government attempts to impose greater control over the colonies in the late 1600s

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 had which of the following effects?

An increase in the conflicts between British settlers and American Indians

A decrease in the coastal population

A decrease in the economic importance of slavery and other forms of coerced labor

An increase in trade with French Canada

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the

growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

development of economic differences between northern and southern colonies

colonists' difficulties in effectively resisting the British military during the American Revolution

significant proportion of colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution

"[T]he condition of the African race throughout all the States where the ancient relation between the two [races] has been retained enjoys a degree of health and comfort which may well compare with that of the laboring population of any country in Christendom; and, it may be added that in no other condition, or in any other age or country, has the Negro race ever attained so high an elevation in morals, intelligence, or civilization." -John C. Calhoun, political leader, 1844 Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Calhoun's views expressed in the excerpt?

Members of nativist political parties

"[T]he condition of the African race throughout all the States where the ancient relation between the two [races] has been retained enjoys a degree of health and comfort which may well compare with that of the laboring population of any country in Christendom; and, it may be added that in no other condition, or in any other age or country, has the Negro race ever attained so high an elevation in morals, intelligence, or civilization." -John C. Calhoun, political leader, 1844 Which of the following most directly undermines Calhoun's assertions?

Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery.

Many slaves adopted elements of Christianity.

Abolitionist societies encountered difficulty organizing in Southern states.

A majority of White Southerners were not slaveholders.

"[T]he condition of the African race throughout all the States where the ancient relation between the two [races] has been retained enjoys a degree of health and comfort which may well compare with that of the laboring population of any country in Christendom; and, it may be added that in no other condition, or in any other age or country, has the Negro race ever attained so high an elevation in morals, intelligence, or civilization." -John C. Calhoun, political leader, 1844 In the 1840s and 1850s, the views expressed by Calhoun most directly contributed to

increased sectional divisions between the North and the South

the United States acquisition of new territory in the West

the development of sharecropping and tenant farming in the South

the rise of voluntary organizations to promote religious reform

"My purpose is not to persuade children from their parents; men from their wives; nor servants from their masters: only, such as with free consent may be spared: But that each [English] parish, or village, in city or country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of thirteen or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there be sufficient power to command them, . . . and sufficient masters (as carpenters, masons, fishers, fowlers, gardeners, husbandmen, sawyers, smiths, spinsters, tailors, weavers, and such like) to take ten, twelve, or twenty, or as is their occasion, for apprentices. The masters by this may quickly grow rich; these [apprentices] may learn their trades themselves, to do the like; to a general and an incredible benefit for king, and country, master, and servant." -John Smith, English adventurer, A Description of New England, 1616 The excerpt suggests that promoters such as Smith most typically presented migration as a means for

workers to achieve social mobility and economic opportunity

people to earn wages to send home to their families

countries to acquire new sources of mineral wealth

joint-stock companies to generate profits

"My purpose is not to persuade children from their parents; men from their wives; nor servants from their masters: only, such as with free consent may be spared: But that each [English] parish, or village, in city or country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of thirteen or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there be sufficient power to command them, . . . and sufficient masters (as carpenters, masons, fishers, fowlers, gardeners, husbandmen, sawyers, smiths, spinsters, tailors, weavers, and such like) to take ten, twelve, or twenty, or as is their occasion, for apprentices. The masters by this may quickly grow rich; these [apprentices] may learn their trades themselves, to do the like; to a general and an incredible benefit for king, and country, master, and servant." -John Smith, English adventurer, A Description of New England, 1616 The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

The role that appeals and advertising played in encouraging men and women to participate in colonization efforts

The interaction of English colonial settlers with native populations in the early seventeenth century

he harsh realities of life in the early seventeenth-century American colonies, including illness, high mortality rates, and starvation

The nature of master and apprentice relationships in England in the early

"My purpose is not to persuade children from their parents; men from their wives; nor servants from their masters: only, such as with free consent may be spared: But that each [English] parish, or village, in city or country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of thirteen or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there be sufficient power to command them, . . . and sufficient masters (as carpenters, masons, fishers, fowlers, gardeners, husbandmen, sawyers, smiths, spinsters, tailors, weavers, and such like) to take ten, twelve, or twenty, or as is their occasion, for apprentices. The masters by this may quickly grow rich; these [apprentices] may learn their trades themselves, to do the like; to a general and an incredible benefit for king, and country, master, and servant." -John Smith, English adventurer, A Description of New England, 1616 Which of the following was a major contrast between the New England colonies and the colonies of France?

The New England colonies were based on more diverse agriculture and commerce.

The French settled more often in cities and towns.

The French had more conflicts with American Indians

New England developed a less rigid racial hierarchy

"There is, at present, no danger of another insurrection against the authority of the US on a larger scale, and the people are willing to reconstruct their State governments, and to send their senators and representatives to congress. Bus as to the moral value of these results, we must not indulge in any delusions... There is, as yet, among the southern people an utter absence of national feeling... "Aside from the assumption that the Negro will not work without physical compulsion, there appears to be another popular notion... that the negro exists for the special object of raising cotton, rice, and sugar for the whites, and that it is illegitimate for him to indulge, like other people, in the pursuit of his own happiness in his own way." -Republican Carl Schurz, Report on the Condition of the South, 1865 Schurz's analysis most directly illustrated the debates about which of the following issues in the south?

The process of readmitting Confederate states

The industrialization of the South

The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation

The extent of federal legislative power

"There is, at present, no danger of another insurrection against the authority of the US on a larger scale, and the people are willing to reconstruct their State governments, and to send their senators and representatives to congress. Bus as to the moral value of these results, we must not indulge in any delusions... There is, as yet, among the southern people an utter absence of national feeling... "Aside from the assumption that the Negro will not work without physical compulsion, there appears to be another popular notion... that the negro exists for the special object of raising cotton, rice, and sugar for the whites, and that it is illegitimate for him to indulge, like other people, in the pursuit of his own happiness in his own way." -Republican Carl Schurz, Report on the Condition of the South, 1865 The attitudes of white southerners described by Schurz contributed to which of the following developments in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?

The establishment of sharecropping throughout the South

The sale of most plantations to African Americans to keep them in the South

The Nullification Crisis caused by Southern resistance to federal policy

The rise of the Whig Party in the South

"There is, at present, no danger of another insurrection against the authority of the US on a larger scale, and the people are willing to reconstruct their State governments, and to send their senators and representatives to congress. Bus as to the moral value of these results, we must not indulge in any delusions... There is, as yet, among the southern people an utter absence of national feeling... "Aside from the assumption that the Negro will not work without physical compulsion, there appears to be another popular notion... that the negro exists for the special object of raising cotton, rice, and sugar for the whites, and that it is illegitimate for him to indulge, like other people, in the pursuit of his own happiness in his own way." -Republican Carl Schurz, Report on the Condition of the South, 1865 Efforts by Republicans such as Schurz to establish a base for their party in the south after the civil war ultimately failed because

Republicans grew weary of pressing their Reconstruction agenda in a hostile environment

Republicans feared the South would secede again if the party became too successful

Republican opposition to African American rights alienated many White Southerners

Republicans believed it better to withdraw from the South than to become corrupted by Southern politics

Shortly after this, my mother's widowed sister, . . . who kept a factory boarding house in Lowell [Massachusetts], advised her to come to that city. . . . "My mother, feeling obliged to have help in her work besides what I could give, and also needing the money which I could earn, allowed me . . . to go to work in the mill. . . . "The working hours of all the girls extended from five o'clock in the morning until seven in the evening, with one half hour for breakfast and dinner. . . . "I cannot tell you how it happened that some of us knew about the English factory children, who as it was said, were treated so badly. . . . "In contrast to this sad picture, we thought of ourselves as well off . . . enjoying ourselves in our own good way, with our good mothers and our warm suppers awaiting us." Harriet Hanson Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among Early Mill Girls, describing events in the 1830s, published in 1898 Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments described in the excerpt?

The expansion and increased organization of industrial production

The concept of republican motherhood after the American Revolution

Large-scale immigration from southern and eastern Europe

The wartime need for women to fill jobs previously held by men

Shortly after this, my mother's widowed sister, . . . who kept a factory boarding house in Lowell [Massachusetts], advised her to come to that city. . . . "My mother, feeling obliged to have help in her work besides what I could give, and also needing the money which I could earn, allowed me . . . to go to work in the mill. . . . "The working hours of all the girls extended from five o'clock in the morning until seven in the evening, with one half hour for breakfast and dinner. . . . "I cannot tell you how it happened that some of us knew about the English factory children, who as it was said, were treated so badly. . . . "In contrast to this sad picture, we thought of ourselves as well off . . . enjoying ourselves in our own good way, with our good mothers and our warm suppers awaiting us." Harriet Hanson Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among Early Mill Girls, describing events in the 1830s, published in 1898 The developments described in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following changes in the first half of the 1800s?

The sharp increase in the number of workers making goods for distant markets

Women's acquisition of new legal rights independent of their fathers and husbands

The emergence of a larger and more distinct middle class

Many women's embrace of the idea of separate spheres

My APUSH Midterm Review

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."

-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

Whitefield's impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s were most directly shaped by

Roman Catholic influences

interest in commerce and business

trans-Atlantic exchanges

reliance on agriculture

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."

-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

Whitefield's open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood

Greater independence and diversity of thought

Movement of settlers to the backcountry

The pursuit of social reform

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."

-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s?

The emergence of an idea of republican self-government

The beginning of calls for the abolition of slavery

The increased influence of the Enlightenment

The expansion of Protestant evangelism

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1843 to 1854 shown in the graph?

Active encouragement of migration by the United States

Economic and political difficulties in Germany and Ireland

Incentives offered by United States companies looking to hire skilled migrants

Adoption of free trade policies by European governments

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Which of following was a direct effect of the trend in immigration after 1845 shown on the graph?

An increase in sectional tensions

A major economic downturn

An upsurge in nativist sentiment

The collapse of the second party system

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following process occurring the United States at the time?

The convergence of European and American cultures

The emergence of an industrialized economy

The displacement of American Indians from the Southeast

The resurgence of evangelical Protestantism

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over
her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
"He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. "He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . "Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. . . . "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns."

-Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 1848

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that

women should enjoy full and equal rights with men

women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere

the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development

women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship

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