AP Biology: Midterm Review

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?

• Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.

• Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.

• Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.

• Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons."

• Carbon is one of the main elements contained in living organisms.

The four most common elements in living organisms are

• C, H, O, Fe.

• C, H, O, Na.

• C, H, O, N.

• C, N, O, Na.

• C, H, Na, Cl.

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

• 100 times more acidic.

• 10 times more acidic.

• 10 times more basic.

• 100 times more basic.

• 3 times more acidic.

A buffer

• is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body.

• is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body.

• donates H⁺ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H⁺ ions when conditions become too acidic.

• donates OH^- ions when conditions become too basic and accepts OH^- ions when conditions become too acidic.

• is none of the above.

The results of dehydration reactions can be reversed by

• condensation reactions.

• hydrolysis.

• polymerization reactions.

• the addition of an amino group.

• none of them. Dehydration synthesis is generally not reversible.

Different water molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonds that form between

• two hydrogen atoms.

• an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of the same water molecule.

• an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules.

• two atoms with the same charge.

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

• starch; glycogen

• glycogen; starch

• cellulose; glycogen

• glycogen; cellulose

• cellulose; chitin

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?

• TCGATGG

• GGTAGCT

• AGCUACC

• AGCTACC

• UGCAUCC

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of

• ATP synthesis increases.

• ATP synthesis decreases.

• photosynthesis increases.

• protein synthesis increases.

• hydrolytic rates decrease.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The pigment melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function.

Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

• lysosomes.

• chloroplasts.

• ribosomes.

• microtubules.

• nuclei.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4