WORLD HISTORY Conflict and Absolutism in Europe CH18

armada

• a fleet of warships

• officially ended the Thirty Years’ War

• ended the French Wars of Religion

• laid the foundation for a Prussian state

By the end of King Philip II’s reign, Spain had

• become the wealthiest empire in the world.

• successfully invaded England.

• become the most populous empire in the world.

• successfully converted all Protestants

Frederick William the Great Elector

• a great writer of the golden age of Spanish

  literature

• officially ended the Thirty Years’ War

• ended the French Wars of Religion

• laid the foundation for a Prussian state

James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is the idea that kings

• were equal to God and therefore did not have to live by the laws of the Church.

• were granted the wisdom of God upon assuming the throne and therefore was faultless.

• could know the mind of God and therefore could determine the future through divination.

• received their power from God and were responsible only to God.

supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War

• Huguenots

• baroque

• Roundheads

• Mannerism

Oliver Cromwell’s defeat of the king of England’s forces allowed him to

• restore the French monarchy to the throne.

• take control of England and establish a military dictatorship.

• execute members of Parliament who disagreed with his policies.

• return England to Catholicism and establish a pro-Catholic Parliament.

architectural style characterized by elaborate

ornamentation

• baroque

• Mannerism

• armada

• Romanesqe

The foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England began with the

• Toleration Act of 1489.

• Bill of Rights.

• Glorious Revolution.

• Edict of Nantes.

divine right of kings

• laid the foundation for a Prussian state

• belief that a ruler gets his power from God

• officially ended the Thirty Years’ War

• ended the French Wars of Religion

In the Thirty Years’ War, France fought against both the Holy Roman Empire and Spain in order to

• gain political leadership in Europe.

• win religious freedom for its citizens.

• preserve the divine right of kings.

• purge the Catholic Church of corruption.