Chapter 8 Study Guide

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

• Cells are composed mostly of empty space.

• Cells are generally large enough for the unaided eye to see.

• All cells are produced from existing cells.

• Only animals are made up of cells.

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The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?

• bacteria

• eukaryotes

• prokaryotes

• viruses

Microscopes can be used to explore cells. Which of the following types of microscopes is used to produce a three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell?

• simple light microscope

• compound light microscope

• scanning electron microscope

• transmission electron microscope

A number of scientists made contributions to cell theory. Which scientist was the first to use a light microscope to observe cells in a slice of cork?

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Matthias Schleiden

• Robert Hooke

• Theodor Schwann

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

• Lysosomes build lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

• Lysosomes package lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

• Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

• Lysosomes store lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

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Which of the following structures are typically present in both plant and animal cells?

• cell walls

• centrioles

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

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All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?

• Cell membranes are composed of carbohydrate chains, which allow all materials to enter and leave the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of cellulose, which provide rigidity for the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of cytoplasm, which allows proteins to be excreted by the cell.

• Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.

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Which organelles allow plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers?

• the cell membranes because they regulate what enters and leaves the cells

• the chloroplasts because they convert sunlight into chemical energy

• the Golgi apparatus because it packages proteins for storage in the cells

• the vacuoles because they are filled with fluid, which provide rigidity

The model shows a substance crossing a cell membrane.

Which of the following describes the process?

• The model shows the process of active transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• The model shows the process of bulk transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• The model shows the process of diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

• The model shows the process of osmosis because the solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?

• There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

• Water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell because the cell has a higher concentration of solute particles than the solution.

• Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell because the solution has a higher concentration of solute particles than the cell.

• Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

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