Chapter 9.1-9.2 Vocabulary

the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine.

• Industrial Revolution

• enclosure

• crop rotation

• industrialization

one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers

• Industrial Revolution

• enclosure

• crop rotation

• industrialization

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

• Industrial Revolution

• enclosure

• crop rotation

• industrialization

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

• Industrial Revolution

• enclosure

• crop rotation

• industrialization

the resources-including land, labor, and capital-that are needed to produce goods and services

• factors of production

• factory

• entrepreneur

• urbanization

a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

• factors of production

• factory

• entrepreneur

• urbanization

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

• factors of production

• factory

• entrepreneur

• urbanization

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them

• factory

• entrepreneur

• urbanization

• middle class

a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmer

• entrepreneur

• stockholder

• working class

• middle class