S2 Biology Test 1: CH12 Genetics

What was Mendel's first conclusion?

• An individual’s characteristics are determined by genes- factors that are passed down through generations.

• An individual’s characteristics are determined by personality- factors that are gained through life.

• Principle of Dominance: states that some alleles are dominant while others are recessive.

• Law of independent assortment: When genes for different traits segregate independently during formation of gametes (one gene is not dependent on another).

What was Mendel's Second conclusion?

• An individual’s characteristics are determined by genes- factors that are passed down through generations.

• An individual’s characteristics are determined by personality- factors that are gained through life.

• Principle of Dominance: states that some alleles are dominant while others are recessive.

• Law of independent assortment: When genes for different traits segregate independently during formation of gametes (one gene is not dependent on another).

What was Mendel's Third conclusion?

• An individual’s characteristics are determined by genes- factors that are passed down through generations.

• Law of segregation: states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring.

• Principle of Dominance: states that some alleles are dominant while others are recessive.

• Law of independent assortment: When genes for different traits segregate independently during formation of gametes (one gene is not dependent on another).

Which law states what happens during gamete formation, in which the alleles for each gene segregate from each other, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. Ex. Happens through the process of meiosis

• An individual’s characteristics are determined by genes- factors that are passed down through generations.

• Law of segregation: states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring.

• Principle of Dominance: states that some alleles are dominant while others are recessive.

• Law of independent assortment: When genes for different traits segregate independently during formation of gametes (one gene is not dependent on another).

The Scientific study of inheritance is called Genetics. Who was the Austrian Scientist priest born in 1822 who worked with ordinary garden peas to propose a model system to learn about inheritance of species.

• Gregor Mendel

• Albert Einstein

• Charles Darwin

• Michael Jackson

Mendel worked with pea plants, which are usually___________________ When he transferred pollen from one pea plant to another, he was _______________ the pea plants to ________________ the eggs and form embryos within a seed.

• self-pollinating, cross-pollinating, fertilize

• cross-pollinating, self-pollinating, fertilize

• self-pollinating, cross-pollinating, segregate

*Mendel studied seven traits in pea plants. One of the monohybrid crosses he made was between plants with round seeds and plants with wrinkled seeds. What was a conclusion Mendel drew from the F₁ generation of this cross?

• The dominant factor, or allele, is for round seeds.

• The dominant factor, or allele, is for wrinkled seeds.

• The factors or alleles for round seeds disappear completely from the plants.

• The factors or alleles for wrinkled seeds disappear completely from the plants.

A geneticist crossed pure breeding black mice (BB) with pure breeding brown mice (bb). All the mice in the F₁ generation had black coats. When these mice were crossed, they yielded 961 black-coated mice and 317 brown-coated mice. The Punnett square describes this cross. The numbers 1 to 4 are shown instead of the genotypes for the offspring. Which of the genotypes, if any, is MOST likely to occur in the F₂ generation?

• BB

• Bb

• bb

• All are eqaully likely

A geneticist crossed homozygous, dominant green pod color pea plants (GG) with homozygous recessive yellow pod color pea plants (gg). All the plants in the F₁ generation had green pods.

What ratio of green pod color plants to yellow pod color plants would you predict when you cross a green pod color F₁ plant with a yellow pod color plant?

• Three-quarters of the plants will have a green pod color and one quarter will have a yellow pod color.

• All of the plants will have a green pod color.

• Half of the plants will have a green pod color, and half of the plants will have a yellow pod color.

• All of the plants will have a yellow pod color.

In a cross of purple flowered heterozygous plants (Pp), the letter P represents the allele for purple flowers and the letter p represents the allele for white flowers. What is the probability that an offspring of this cross expresses plants with purple flower phenotypes?

• 0

• 1/4 or 25%

• 1/2 or 50%

• 3/4 or 75%