Biogeochemical Cycles Review

The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called

• the water cycle.
• the condensation cycle.
• precipitation.
• evaporation.

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What is happening to water at D in Figure 3–3?

• Water is falling to the ground as precipitation.

• Water is evaporating from the ocean.

• Water is being taken up by plants through transpiration.

• Water is seeping into the ground to become groundwater.

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Which part of Figure 3–3 shows transpiration?

• A on the left

• B on the left

• A on the right

• B on the right

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Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT

• photosynthesis.
• transpiration.
• decomposition of plants and animals.
• burning of fossil fuels.

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Which part of the water cycle is a biological process?

• transpiration
• runoff
• precipitation
• condensation

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Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by

• humans.
• plants.
• bacteria.
• consumers.

Animals get the most of the nitrogen they need

• by consuming plants or other animals.
• by breathing in atmospheric nitrogen.
• directly from bacteria in the soil.
• from the process of denitrification.

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Organisms need nutrients in order to

• utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
• carry out essential life functions.
• recycle chemical compounds.
• carry out nitrogen fixation.

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The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

• energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.
• energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available.
• nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
• energy forms chemical compounds, and nutrients are lost as heat.

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Because of biogeochemical cycling,

• human activity has no effect on elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter.
• living organisms are not limited by any one nutrient.
• nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere.
• many nutrients do not reach toxic concentrations in the biosphere.

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