MCAS Biology Practice Unit 1 Ecology

Which of the following statements describes one way that energy is transferred in a food web?

• Plants provide energy to consumers.

• Energy is cycled between producers.

• Producers store energy made by animals.

• Consumers obtain energy directly from sunlight.

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According to the finch diagram, which of the following finches is a secondary consumer?

• small insectivorous tree finch

• cactus finch

• sharp-beaked finch

• medium ground finch

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The diagram below shows an energy pyramid for an aquatic ecosystem.

• The organisms at the top of the pyramid are the most efficient feeders.

• The organisms at the top of the pyramid have the largest population sizes.

• The organisms at the top of the pyramid need only a small amount of energy for their metabolism.

• The organisms at the top of the pyramid receive only a small fraction of the energy that originally enters the system.

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African birds called honeyguides eat beeswax. Most bees’ nests are inside hollow trees where the honeyguides cannot reach them. The honeyguides lead honey badgers, which also eat beeswax, to bees’ nests. The honey badgers then dig out and eat the nests, leaving scraps of wax and honey for the honeyguides.

The relationship between the honeyguides and the honey badgers is an example of

• commensalism

• compeitition

• mutualism

• predation

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A partial food web is shown below.

• The earthworms and the beetles both compete for fungi

• The earthworms and the beetles both compete for robins and moles.

• The earthworms help the beetles survive, and the beetles do not harm the earthworms.

• The earthworms help the beetles survive, and the beetles help the earthworms survive.

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The graph below shows the changes in the population size of a mammal species introduced onto an isolated island in 1957.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data?

• Every year, more individuals were born than died.

• A predator of this mammal was removed from the island in 1990.

• The population decreases were the result of low immigration rates.

• In the 1980s, the mammal’s population size stayed around its carrying capacity.

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A partial food web is shown below.

Which organisms in the food web are both primary and secondary consumers?

• bluegills

• cattails

• coyotes

• snakes

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Which of the following processes removes carbon from the air and uses it to make organic compounds?

• combustion

• decomposition

• photosynthesis

• respiration

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Which of the following are mainly cycled through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• carbon and sulfur

• carbon and oxygen

• nitrogen and sulfur

• nitrogen and oxygen

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Black bears can be found in several areas in Texas and Mexico. The size of one of these bear populations decreased when some individuals from the population moved to another area.

Based on this information, what caused a decrease in the size of this bear population?

• emigration

• extinction

• natural selection

• speciation