AP Biology: DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment? 

• 4
• 8
• 12
• 20

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

 A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?

• Translation
• Translocation
• Replication
• Transcription

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria & mice, Griffith found that 

• the protein coat from pathogenic cells was able to transform nonpathogenic cells.
• heat-killed pathogenic cells caused pneumonia.
• some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
• the polysaccharide coat of bacteria caused pneumonia.

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

• DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides to the 3' end of the preexisting strand.
• Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end.
• The origins of replication occur only at the 5' end.
• DNA ligase works only in the 3' to 5' direction

A student isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication.  After adding some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long.  What has the student probably left out of the mixture?

• DNA polymerase
• DNA ligase
• Okazaki fragments
• primase

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until 

• the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
• several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
• the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.
• the DNA introns are removed from the template.

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Nucleus
• Ribosome
• Cytoplasm
• Rough E.R.

Translation is crucial to the process of making proteins. Which statement best describes what takes place during translation? 

• A copy of chromosomal DNA is created 
• Information in mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids in a protein 
• A RNA copy of a DNA strand is made.
  
• Instructions from DNA in the nucleus are brought to the cytoplasm 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosomes.

• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA
• DNA

Which process is shown?

• diffusion
• repiration
• recombination
• translation