DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis

The process of DNA replication occurs just before ______________.

• cytokinesis

• replication

• mitosis

• nucleosynthesis

DNA is typically found in cells in the form of a very long strand that is coiled many times and contains thousands or millions of nitrogen bases. Which term best describes this very long molecule of DNA?

• chromosome

• gene

• allele

• nucleotide

During DNA replication, what would be the complementary strand to the original DNA segment of GCTAAT?

• CGATTA

• GGATTAC

• GGAUUA

• GGUTTU

About 96% of the information in human DNA is found in gorilla DNA. This evidence supports which statement?

• Humans evolved from gorillas

• Gorillas and humans diverged from a common ancestor.

• As gorillas evolve, they will become more similar to humans

• Gorillas and humans are too different for meaningful genetic comparisons.

The MOST accurate way to determine the evolutionary relationship between two animals is through the examination of

• common behaviors

• similar physical features

• DNA or protein sequences of shared genes.

• fossilized ancestors that they may have in common.

What does this diagram represent?

• DNA

• RNA

• a gene

• an allele

How are DNA and RNA molecules alike?

• They are both double stranded

• They both contain nitrogen bases.

• Their nitrogen bases always pair A - T and C - G.

• They are found in the nucleus and at the ribosomes.

Both DNA and RNA contain a five-carbon sugar. This sugar is

• ribose in both DNA and RNA.

• deoxyribose in both DNA and RNA.

• deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.

• deoxyribose in RNA and ribose in DNA.

Consider the nucleic acid molecule shown here. You can tell from this illustration that the molecule

• may be either DNA or RNA.

• is RNA and it contains sugar ribose.

• is DNA and it contains the sugar ribose

• is DNA and it contains the sugar deoxyribose.

What conclusion would be MOST appropriate about the genetic variation between humans and the three apes as illustrated by the phylogenetic tree?

(The human genome comprises about 3 x 10⁹ base pairs of DNA, and no two humans, other than identical twins, ever have been or will be genetically identical. Between any two humans, the amount of genetic variation is about 0.1 percent.)

• Genetic variation between all four organisms is non-existent.

• The genetic variation between all four organisms is about the same.

• The genetic variation between humans and orangutans is the greatest.

• Humans branched off from the other three animals due to great genetic variations.