Reconstruction Review

"Although important strides were made, Reconstruction failed to provide lasting guarantees of the civil rights of the freedmen.” Which evidence best supports this statement

• passage of Jim Crow laws in the latter part of the 19th century

• ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

• refusal of Southern States to allow sharecropping

• passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1866

The Jim Crow laws of the post-Civil War Era were attempts by

• the Federal Government to improve the status of African Americans and Native American Indians

• state and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americans

• states to ban organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan

• the Radical Republicans in Congress to carry out Reconstruction plans

The 14th amendment provides that no "state [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." A direct result of this amendment was that

• the process of amending the Constitution became slower and more complex

• the guarantees in the Bill of Rights were applied to state actions

• every citizen gained an absolute right to freedom of speech and assembly

• the power of the Federal Government was sharply reduced

After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because

• the amendments were not intended to solve their problems

• many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government

• Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws

• poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights

The dispute between President Andrew Johnson and Congress during the Reconstruction Era illustrates the constitutional principle of

• equality of justice under the law

• federalism

• one man, one vote

• separation of powers

Poll taxes and grandfather clauses were devices used to

• deny African Americans the right to vote

• extend suffrage to women and 18-year-old citizens

• raise money for political campaigns

• prevent immigrants from becoming citizens

In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson sought to

• punish the South for starting the Civil War

• force the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Government

• allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible

• establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South

The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of

• the 14th and 15th amendments

• the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education

• civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War

• immigration laws such as the Gentleman’s Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act

A major reason the Radical Republicans opposed President Abraham Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan was that his plan

• demanded payments from the South that would have damaged its economy

• postponed the readmission of Southern States into the Union for many years

• granted too many rights to formerly enslaved persons

• offered amnesty to nearly all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the United States

How were many African Americans in the South affected after Reconstruction ended in 1877?

• A constitutional amendment guaranteed their social advancement

• The Freedmen’s Bureau helped them become farm owners

• Jim Crow laws placed major restrictions on their rights.

• Southern factories offered them job training and employment opportunities