Civics Review

Which Enlightenment principle most influenced the ideas in the Declaration of Independence?

• John Locke's idea of the social contract

• Thomas Hobbes’s idea of natural equality

• Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers

• Voltaire’s idea of the importance of toleration

Which Enlightenment idea influenced the Founding Fathers?

• All people are generally born good.

• All religions come from the same source.

• All government powers should be separated.

• All humans can learn about and understand nature.

Which document was written by the Pilgrims instilling the concept of Self-government and wanted just and equal laws

• Mayflower Compact

• English Bill of Rights

• Articles of Confederation

• Virginia Declaration of Rights

How did the publication of the pamphlet Common Sense impact the American colonists?

• It convinced colonists to establish fair trade with Britain.

• It convinced colonists to restrict access to printing presses.

• It encouraged colonists to establish more modern schools in each colony.

• It encouraged colonists to go to war and declare independence from Britain.

Which political idea was violated by the Stamp Act and addressed in the Declaration of Independence?

• A government cannot deprive its citizens of the right to a trial by jury.

• A government cannot require its citizens to provide housing for its soldiers.

• A government cannot keep a standing army in times of peace without the consent of its legislature.

• A government cannot tax its citizens without first allowing for their representation in government.

Events that Contributed to the Writing of the Declaration of Independence • Parliament passes the Stamp Act to charge a tax on printed materials. • Colonists voice their objection to the Stamp Act through protests and petitions by local assemblies and legislatures. • Parliament passes the Declaratory Act to explain that Parliament had the exclusive power to pass laws for the colonies.

Based on the information, disagreement over what main issue caused this series of events?

• the colonists’ ability to criticize their national government

• the colonists’ privilege to establish local colonial settlements

• the colonists’ right to participate in their national government

• the colonists’ responsibility to finance local colonial operations

Read the excerpt and answer the question below.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure [protect] these rights, Governments are instituted [created] among Men, deriving [taking] their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government . . .

Based on this excerpt, what is the role of government in society?

• to ensure the happiness of its citizens

• to ensure the obedience of its citizens

• to protect the natural rights of its citizens

• to protect the religious beliefs of its citizens

How was Locke's social contract theory related to his belief in natural law?

• He argues subjects had the right to rebel against a ruler who acted against natural law.

• He argues that whatever the king did was good according to natural law.

• He argues that natural law required the colonists to be given their independence.

• He argues that God had especially chosen kings to rule over their subjects as part of nature.

The statement below is from Magna Carta (1215)

No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or exiled or any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land.

Which right was guaranteed in this excerpt?

• Trial by jury

• No taxation without representation

• Freedom of the press

• Freedom of religion

Which document confirmed the rights of English subjects after the overthrow of James II in the Glorious Revolution?

• Magna Carta

• Mayflower Compact

• English Bill of Rights

• Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws