All of these statements are about Agonists - which one is NOT true?

Agonists work by blocking the receptor cells and preventing the neurotransmitter from binding.

They excite receptor cells and encourage neurotransmitters to lock in.

All neurotransmitters are agonists for receptor sites. They are referred to as endogenous agonists since they are biologically already part of our nervous system.

Drugs can also be agonists. Since they are external to our system, they are referred to as exogenous agonists.

All of these are statements about Antagonists - which one of these is NOT true.

All neurotransmitters are antagonists for receptor sites.

Antagonists are drugs that block the receptor site and do not allow the neurotransmitter to do its job.

Scopolamine is an antagonist for acetylcholine (AcH).

Antagonists are drugs that block the receptor site and do not allow the neurotransmitter to do its job, so no action potential is sent down the neuron

Rogers & Kesner (2003) studied neurotransmitters and memory. Which of the following was the aim of the study?

To determine the role of acetylcholine in the formation of spatial memories.

To determine the role of serotonin on emotional memory.

To explore the role of dopamine and it's relevance to the hippocampus in forming memories,

To determine if emotional memories are more or less impacted by damage to the hippocampus.

Rogers & Kesner (2003) studied acetylcholine and memory. Which of the following can you use this study for? (You can select more than one)

Discuss research methods used in the biological approach .

Effects of neurotransmission on human behaviour.

The use of animal models to understand human behaviour.

Ethics of using animals for research.

Rogers & Kesner (2003) studied neurotransmitters and memory. Which of these were NOT part of the procedure?

The rats received negative reinforcement every time they made a mistake running the maze to test their response to punishment.

They had 30 rats acclimate to a maze by placing food in one of the corners, the rats learned how to run the maze.

There were two conditions, rats were either injected with scopolamine or with a saline solution ten minutes before running the maze.

The injections were made directly into the hippocampus.

Rogers & Kesner (2003) studied neurotransmitters and memory. Choose all the findings below, there may be more than one correct answer,

The findings were that the scopolamine group took longer and made more mistakes in the learning of the maze.

They found that scopolamine did not appear to have an effect on retrieval of memories that had already been created.

They concluded that acetylcholine is important in encoding of spatial memories, but not retrieval.

The group that had been injected by the saline solution performed worse than the group that received the scopolamine.

Cahill & McGaugh (1995), the aim of the study was....

...to investigate the role of adrenaline and the amygdala on emotional memory.

...to investigate the role of testosterone and the hypothalamus on emotional memory.

...to investigate the role of adrenaline and the frontal lobes on emotional memory.

...to investigate the role of testosterone and the frontal lobes on emotional memory.

Cahill & McGaugh (1995), Two conditions Condition A - Participants heard a story which was not very interesting about a woman's visit to a hospital Condition B - Participants heard an emotionally charged story about a boy having his feet severed. What kind of research design was this?

Experiment using Independent Groups

Experiment using Repeated measure

Quasi experiment using Independent Groups

Quasi experiment using Repeated Measures

Cahill & McGaugh (1995) repeated the procedure with... tick all answers that apply

Beta blockers to block the release of adrenaline.

Beta blockers to prevent the activation of the amygdala .

Beta blocker to reduce brain activation in the frontal lobes.

SSRIs given to reduce the re-uptake of serotonin.

Cahill & McGaugh (1995) found... tick all that apply

In the original version of the experiment, the researchers found that the participants who had heard the more emotionally arousing story demonstrated better recall of specific details of the story.

In the follow-up study, they found that those that had received the beta-blocker did no better than the group that had heard the "boring" story.

In the original version of the experiment, the researchers found that the participants who had heard the more emotionally arousing story demonstrated worse recall of specific details of the story.

In the follow-up study, they found that those that had received the beta-blocker did significantly better than the group that had heard the "boring" story.

Which of the following statements is true about human pheromones?

There are no known human pheromones

Humans have signalling pheromones but not primer pheromones

Humans have both primer pheromones and signalling pheromones

Humans have primer pheromones but not signalling pheromones

Which of the following is true about Zhou's study on signalling pheromones in humans? (Zhou used 'stick' men and asked participants to determine their gender).

There may be low construct validity - it is not clear that sexual behaviour is actually being measured

There was a sampling bias in that only men were used.

The sample was large so there was high reliability

The study had high ecological validity

Which of the following makes the existence of human pheromones less likely? Tick all that apply.

One's sense of smell is highly influenced by culture.

The human sense of smell is very complex with a lot of genetic variation.

Many body odours are the result of bacteria, not of human secretions.