Reading Exercise 1

HOW TO CREATE A PAYPAL ACCOUNT

Visit the PayPal website or open the PayPal app. You can create an account from the PayPal homepage or from the app. You can install the app for free from your device's app store. The account creation process is largely the same for both the website and the app.

Click "Sign Up for Free" or tap "Sign Up". This will begin the account creation process.

· For business accounts, there are two different options, each of which has different cost structures and benefits. Standard accounts are free, but customers must route through PayPal in order to check out. Pro accounts cost $30 per month, but you get to full control over how you want to design the checkout process.

· The Standard free business account is the same as the old PayPal Premier account. This account is best suited for users who do lots of buying and selling on eBay.

Enter your email address and create a password. Make sure that you create a strong password so that nobody else can access your financial information.

· Make sure that you enter a valid email address, as you'll need to use it to verify your account.

Fill out the form with your personal information. You'll need to enter your legal name, address, and phone number. All of this information is required in order to create your account.

Enter your credit or debit card (optional). After entering your personal information, you'll be prompted to enter your credit or debit card. You can enter this now or later, but you'll need to at some point if you want to verify your PayPal account.

· If you don't want to enter your card information now, click "I'd rather link my bank first".

Enter your bank account information (optional). You'll need a bank account linked if you plan on receiving money and want to be able to transfer it to your bank. You don't have to do this now if you don't want to. Just click "I'll link my bank later" to skip it for now. You'll be prompted to confirm that you want to skip the process.

Apply for PayPal credit (optional). Before you're taken to your account's Summary page, PayPal will prompt you to sign up for a line of credit. This is optional, and you should read all of the terms carefully before applying. If you'd rather not apply for credit, click "No thanks".

The sentence ‘You can create an account from the PayPal homepage or from the app.’ could possibly restated as…

• You need to create an account with both the PayPal homepage and the app.

• You can make an account either from the PayPal homepage or the app.

• You don’t need to create an account from the PayPal homepage or from the app.

• You are obliged to create an account on the PayPal homepage and the app.

• You can only create an account from the PayPal homepage not the app.

The Real Reason Why TV Is Bad for the Kids

"Books are good for children." "TV is bad for children." Everyone seems to know this. In the same way that we know that we should be eating lots of fruits and vegetables and limiting sweets, we all know that kids should spend a lot of time with books and relatively little time with TV.

But why? Can't kids learn just as much from TV as they do from books? There is no doubt that TV can be educational. But one of the unforeseen consequences of TV viewing is reducing how much parents talk with their children. And diminished parent-child interaction can have negative effects on children, especially when they are young.

In a recent study of toddlers and pre-schoolers, we observed mothers and their children while they read books, watched a pro-social TV program, or played with toys. We found TV viewing suppressed both the amount and quality of mother-child communication. That is, moms made relatively few comments to their children while co-viewing. When they did speak, their comments were often unrelated to what their child said, thereby creating an unproductive exchange that could hinder children's opportunity for learning.

Moms who read books to their children, however, not only talked significantly more but also used a very high-quality form of communication that included asking questions, labelling objects, affirming their child, and responding to their child's statements or questions with relevant information. It is important to note that the increased quantity and quality of communication was not due to the fact that moms were reading the words on the pages. Instead, this difference reflected the communication that occurred above and beyond the actual reading that the mother did with the child.

Playing with toys also elicited a high amount of communication, including some high-quality forms of interaction. Although not better than books, toy playing was significantly better than shared TV viewing at encouraging communication.

With these results in mind, let's consider the child who spends a good chunk of the day watching TV. From this perspective, the problem is not necessarily what content, either good or bad, the child has experienced (of course content does make a difference too). Instead, the problem is what this child is missing. Young children who watch lots of TV may be missing out on valuable - even crucial - interactions with parents during a critical point in their development. Parent-child interaction, even with children who can't yet speak, is vital to children's healthy development.

The American Academy of Pediatrics just released their updated TV guidelines for children ages 2 and under. In their statement, they discourage all TV viewing for children in this age group. Part of the justification for their recommendation is that TV viewing reduces parent-child communication.

Some parents may believe that they can't offer their children the kinds of educational experiences that TV provides. But they are wrong. Children learn the best from real people, especially people who are important to them. When parents talk with their children, they not only promote their language development but also teach their children that they are valued and important. Reading books and turning off the TV can facilitate these positive interactions.

Written by Amy Nathanson Ph.D

Sumber: https://www.psychologytoday.com

What is the topic of the passage above?

• TV isn’t good for children.

• TV isn’t educational enough for children.

• Books are better for children.

• Books and TV aren’t good for children.

• Toy playing is better than TV for kids.

The Real Reason Why TV Is Bad for the Kids

"Books are good for children." "TV is bad for children." Everyone seems to know this. In the same way that we know that we should be eating lots of fruits and vegetables and limiting sweets, we all know that kids should spend a lot of time with books and relatively little time with TV.

But why? Can't kids learn just as much from TV as they do from books? There is no doubt that TV can be educational. But one of the unforeseen consequences of TV viewing is reducing how much parents talk with their children. And diminished parent-child interaction can have negative effects on children, especially when they are young.

In a recent study of toddlers and pre-schoolers, we observed mothers and their children while they read books, watched a pro-social TV program, or played with toys. We found TV viewing suppressed both the amount and quality of mother-child communication. That is, moms made relatively few comments to their children while co-viewing. When they did speak, their comments were often unrelated to what their child said, thereby creating an unproductive exchange that could hinder children's opportunity for learning.

Moms who read books to their children, however, not only talked significantly more but also used a very high-quality form of communication that included asking questions, labelling objects, affirming their child, and responding to their child's statements or questions with relevant information. It is important to note that the increased quantity and quality of communication was not due to the fact that moms were reading the words on the pages. Instead, this difference reflected the communication that occurred above and beyond the actual reading that the mother did with the child.

Playing with toys also elicited a high amount of communication, including some high-quality forms of interaction. Although not better than books, toy playing was significantly better than shared TV viewing at encouraging communication.

With these results in mind, let's consider the child who spends a good chunk of the day watching TV. From this perspective, the problem is not necessarily what content, either good or bad, the child has experienced (of course content does make a difference too). Instead, the problem is what this child is missing. Young children who watch lots of TV may be missing out on valuable - even crucial - interactions with parents during a critical point in their development. Parent-child interaction, even with children who can't yet speak, is vital to children's healthy development.

The American Academy of Pediatrics just released their updated TV guidelines for children ages 2 and under. In their statement, they discourage all TV viewing for children in this age group. Part of the justification for their recommendation is that TV viewing reduces parent-child communication.

Some parents may believe that they can't offer their children the kinds of educational experiences that TV provides. But they are wrong. Children learn the best from real people, especially people who are important to them. When parents talk with their children, they not only promote their language development but also teach their children that they are valued and important. Reading books and turning off the TV can facilitate these positive interactions.

Written by Amy Nathanson Ph.D

Sumber: https://www.psychologytoday.com

Which of these following sentence is true about TV?

• TV increases interaction between children and their mothers.

• TV is worse than toy playing for kids.

• TV doesn’t diminish how much children talk to their parents.

• TV decreases interaction between children and parents.

• TV isn’t worse than toy playing for kids.

Algae is a primitive form of life, a single-celled or simple multiple-celled organism that is able to conduct the process of photosynthesis. It is generally found in water but can also be found elsewhere, growing on such surfaces as rocks or trees. The various types of algae are classified according to their pigmentation, or coloration.

Blue green-algae, or Cyanophyta, can grow at very high temperatures and under high-intensity light. This is a microscopic type of algae, and some species consist of only one cell. Blue-green algae is the oldest form of life with photosynthetic capabilities, and fossilized remains of this type of algae more than 3.4 billion years old have been found in parts of Africa.

Green algae, or Chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water. It reproduces on the surfaces of enclosed bodies of water such as ponds or lakes and has the appearance of a fuzzy green coating on the water. In large quantities, this type of algae may reproduce enough to give a green color to an entire lake.

Brown algae, or Phaeophyta, grows in shallow, temperate water. This type of algae is the largest in size and is most recognizable as a type of seaweed; kelp is a type of brown algae that has grown to lengths of up to 200 feet. Its long stalks can be enmeshedon the ocean floor, or it can float freely on the ocean’s surface.

Red algae, or Rhodophyta, is a small, delicate organism found in the deep waters of the subtropics, where it often grows with coral. This type of algae has an essential role in the formation of coral reefs: it secretes lime from the seawater to foster the formation of limestone deposits.

What is the author main purpose?

• To show what color algae is

• To differentiate the various classification of algae

• To describe where algae is found

• To clarify the appearance of the different type of algae

• To retell brief intormation abaout algae

Algae is a primitive form of life, a single-celled or simple multiple-celled organism that is able to conduct the process of photosynthesis. It is generally found in water but can also be found elsewhere, growing on such surfaces as rocks or trees. The various types of algae are classified according to their pigmentation, or coloration.

Blue green-algae, or Cyanophyta, can grow at very high temperatures and under high-intensity light. This is a microscopic type of algae, and some species consist of only one cell. Blue-green algae is the oldest form of life with photosynthetic capabilities, and fossilized remains of this type of algae more than 3.4 billion years old have been found in parts of Africa.

Green algae, or Chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water. It reproduces on the surfaces of enclosed bodies of water such as ponds or lakes and has the appearance of a fuzzy green coating on the water. In large quantities, this type of algae may reproduce enough to give a green color to an entire lake.

Brown algae, or Phaeophyta, grows in shallow, temperate water. This type of algae is the largest in size and is most recognizable as a type of seaweed; kelp is a type of brown algae that has grown to lengths of up to 200 feet. Its long stalks can be enmeshedon the ocean floor, or it can float freely on the ocean’s surface.

Red algae, or Rhodophyta, is a small, delicate organism found in the deep waters of the subtropics, where it often grows with coral. This type of algae has an essential role in the formation of coral reefs: it secretes lime from the seawater to foster the formation of limestone deposits.

Algae remnants found in Africa are ....

• still flourishing

• photogenic

• extremeny old

• red in color

• very large

Algae is a primitive form of life, a single-celled or simple multiple-celled organism that is able to conduct the process of photosynthesis. It is generally found in water but can also be found elsewhere, growing on such surfaces as rocks or trees. The various types of algae are classified according to their pigmentation, or coloration.

Blue green-algae, or Cyanophyta, can grow at very high temperatures and under high-intensity light. This is a microscopic type of algae, and some species consist of only one cell. Blue-green algae is the oldest form of life with photosynthetic capabilities, and fossilized remains of this type of algae more than 3.4 billion years old have been found in parts of Africa.

Green algae, or Chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water. It reproduces on the surfaces of enclosed bodies of water such as ponds or lakes and has the appearance of a fuzzy green coating on the water. In large quantities, this type of algae may reproduce enough to give a green color to an entire lake.

Brown algae, or Phaeophyta, grows in shallow, temperate water. This type of algae is the largest in size and is most recognizable as a type of seaweed; kelp is a type of brown algae that has grown to lengths of up to 200 feet. Its long stalks can be enmeshedon the ocean floor, or it can float freely on the ocean’s surface.

Red algae, or Rhodophyta, is a small, delicate organism found in the deep waters of the subtropics, where it often grows with coral. This type of algae has an essential role in the formation of coral reefs: it secretes lime from the seawater to foster the formation of limestone deposits.

“This is a microscopic type of algae ....” (Paragraph 2)

The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....

• mechanical

• tiny

• visual

• bacterial

• gigantic

A binary star is actually a pair of stars that are together by the force of gravity. Although occasionally the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, they generally appear as one star. The gravitational pull between the individual stars of a binary star causes one to orbit around the other. From the orbital pattern of a binary, the mass of its stars can be determined: the gravitational pull of a star is in direct proportion to its mass, and the strength of the gravitational force of one another determines the orbital pattern of the binary.

Scientists have discovered stars that seem to orbit around an empty space. It has been suggested that such a star and the empty space really composed a binary star. The empty space is known as a “black hole”, a star with such strong gravitational force that no light is able to get through. Although the existance of black holes has not been proven, the theory of their existance has been around for about two centuries.

A binary star could be best described as ....

• stars that have been force apart

• a star with a strong gravitational force

• two stars pulled together by gravity

• a large number of attached stars

• twin stars that orbit the black hole

A binary star is actually a pair of stars that are together by the force of gravity. Although occasionally the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, they generally appear as one star. The gravitational pull between the individual stars of a binary star causes one to orbit around the other. From the orbital pattern of a binary, the mass of its stars can be determined: the gravitational pull of a star is in direct proportion to its mass, and the strength of the gravitational force of one another determines the orbital pattern of the binary.

Scientists have discovered stars that seem to orbit around an empty space. It has been suggested that such a star and the empty space really composed a binary star. The empty space is known as a “black hole”, a star with such strong gravitational force that no light is able to get through. Although the existance of black holes has not been proven, the theory of their existance has been around for about two centuries.

According to the passage, what happens as a result of the gravitational force between the star?

• One star circle the other.

• The mass of the binary star increases.

• A black hole is destroyed.

• The gravitational decreases.

• Many stars orbits bacuse of the gravity.

A binary star is actually a pair of stars that are together by the force of gravity. Although occasionally the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, they generally appear as one star. The gravitational pull between the individual stars of a binary star causes one to orbit around the other. From the orbital pattern of a binary, the mass of its stars can be determined: the gravitational pull of a star is in direct proportion to its mass, and the strength of the gravitational force of one another determines the orbital pattern of the binary.

Scientists have discovered stars that seem to orbit around an empty space. It has been suggested that such a star and the empty space really composed a binary star. The empty space is known as a “black hole”, a star with such strong gravitational force that no light is able to get through. Although the existance of black holes has not been proven, the theory of their existance has been around for about two centuries.

A “black hole” is ....

• two stars evolve in an empty space

• a star with zero gravity

• an empty space around which nothing orbits

• an empty space so far away that no light can reach it

• a star whose gravitational force block the passage of light

A binary star is actually a pair of stars that are together by the force of gravity. Although occasionally the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, they generally appear as one star. The gravitational pull between the individual stars of a binary star causes one to orbit around the other. From the orbital pattern of a binary, the mass of its stars can be determined: the gravitational pull of a star is in direct proportion to its mass, and the strength of the gravitational force of one another determines the orbital pattern of the binary.

Scientists have discovered stars that seem to orbit around an empty space. It has been suggested that such a star and the empty space really composed a binary star. The empty space is known as a “black hole”, a star with such strong gravitational force that no light is able to get through. Although the existance of black holes has not been proven, the theory of their existance has been around for about two centuries.

“... the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, ....” (Paragraph 1)

The underlined is closest in meaning to ....

• differentiated

• renowned

• tied

• celebrated

• inversion