Ch. 22 - Ideologies & Upheavals

Romanticism in nineteenth-century art is best described as:

• An indirect protest against inadequate social conditions

• Focusing on the dynamism of nature

• Very similar to Neoclassicism

• Secular in focus with careful and detailed portraiture

Caspar David Friedrich’s painting The Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog shown left does which of the following?

• Foreshadows the calamities of 20^th century warfare

• Portrays intellectual detachment in an era of revolutions.

• Expresses loneliness characteristic of Neoclassical style.

• Typifies Romantic contemplation of nature.

Which of the following is true of the Romantic movement in early nineteenth-century Europe?

• It opposed emotional exuberance and excess.

• It shunned the study and writing of history.

• It was, in part, a reaction to the classicism of an earlier period.

• It emphasized adherence to universally accepted standards in the arts.

At the Congress of Vienna, a principle that guided the deliberations of the diplomats was:

• Balance of power

• Utilitarianism

• Imperialism

• Liberalism

Which of the following best describes the Congress of Vienna?

• It fomented (instigated) a spirit of bitterness in defeated France.

• The political leaders negotiated the settlement to further their own national interests.

• It disrupted the European balance of power.

• Metternich refused to relinquish (give up) any conquered territory.

Which of the following suffered the decimation of its population during the mid-nineteenth century?

• England due to enclosures.

• Ireland due to famine.

• Germany due to war.

• Italy due to mass emigration.

Most nineteenth-century liberals favored all of the following except:

• Government-sponsored social welfare programs

• Laissez-faire economics

• Representative government

• Equality before the law

• Freedom of press and speech

The Greeks were able to win their independence from the Ottoman Empire because:

• Austria supported their cause to weaken an old enemy.

• Russia agreed to stay neutral in the Greek-Ottoman conflict.

• Britain, Russia, and France put pressure on the Ottoman Empire on behalf of the Greeks.

• Romania, which was already independent, supported them.

The restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII:

• Executed the revolutionaries who had executed Louis XVI.

• Tried to restore absolute monarchy.

• Helped preserve constitutional monarchy for France.

• Was overthrown in the Revolution of 1830.

The repeal of the Corn Laws in Britain in 1846:

• Caused the famine in Ireland.

• Reflected the changes in Parliament since the Great Reform Bill.

• Ended free trade.

• Was opposed by the working classes.