17.2 Phylogeny and taxonomy AP BIO

Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene.  The change is called a(n)

• mutation
• gene flow
• gene pool
• allele

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When scientists compare animals currently living on different continents, they often find those with similar characteristics, who are not actually close relatives, living in similar environmental conditions even though they are geographically very distant. One example is the Anteater/Armadillos of the Americas and the Pangolin of Africa. What can we deduce from this evidence?

• Living things can adapt similarly to similar environments over time.
• Living things do not change over time
• They must all have the same recent common ancestor
• I don’t know

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What does the term variation mean?

• The same traits in a population.

• The different genetic traits present in a population

• The ways traits are expressed in a population.

• The place where an animal lives.

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Using the cladogram: a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have had ___________.

• a bony skeleton

• four limbs

• scaly skin

• eggs with shells

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The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. Therefore, these structures are examples of

• geographic isolation

• analogous structures

• homologous structures

• reproductive isolation

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The thylacine is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf, which is a placental mammal. The two species are not very closely related. How is this explained?

• adaptive radiation

• divergent evolution

• founder effect

• convergent evolution

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Mutations are important because they bring about

• death of the organism in which they develop
• genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
• benefits for the individual, not for the population
• Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population

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A common ancestor for both C and E could be at position __.

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

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Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?

• in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the drug

• a few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistance

• penicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studies

• a few bacteria had genes that gave them resistance to penicillin and they survived and reproduced better than other types of bacteria that lacked the trait.

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The correct sequence, from the most to the least comprehensive, of the taxonomic levels listed here is  __.

• kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
• kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species
• phylum, kingdom, order, class, species, family, and genus
• phylum, family, class, order, kingdom, genus, and species