Enlightenment Thinkers

Many European absolute monarchs justified their right to rule based on

• Supreme Law

• Divine Right

• Papal authority (Pope's permission)

• Their popularity

The English political philosopher who argued all humans are born with natural rights including life, liberty, and property was

• Jean Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• John Locke

The French political philosopher who believed in separating powers of government into different branches to avoid abuse of power was

• Jean Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• John Locke

The philosophical idea that rulers and the people are in a social contract was presented by

• Voltaire

• Newton

• Charles V

• Rousseau

Which Enlightenment thinker believed in freedom of speech and religion? He also believed in separation between church and state.

• Voltaire

• Hobbes

• Locke

• Wollstonecraft

Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s power. England adopted this form of government after the Glorious Revolution.

• Absolute Monarchy

• Limited Monarchy or Constitutional Monarchy

• Democratic Government

• None of the above

The American Revolution and French Revolution were similar in that both

• were encouraged by the enlightenment ideas of natural rights

• Sought to limit the participation of people in government

• Supported the theory of divine right

• a. Increased the influence of religious institutions in government

John Locke and Rousseau believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed to protect their natural rights. If the government failed to do this, then the people had the right to

• continue to be abused

• move to another country

• overthrow the government

• refuse to vote in the next election

This chart represents the relationship between two ideas of the Enlightenment. Which idea best completes this chart?

• absolutism

• dictatorship

• representative democracy

How did the Enlightenment influence the American and French Revolutions?

• It weakened the need for international trade

• It reinforced the idea that monarchies have absolute power

• It encouraged governments to follow religious principles

• It encouraged limited government, more individual rights and more power for citizens in government