AP human test

Which of the following elements of the cultural landscape are shown in the images?

• Portuguese universities, design, and gardens

• Spanish conquistadores’ fortifications, architecture, and forestry

• Moorish Islamic art, architecture, and script

• Buddhist monasteries, gardens, and religious text

Based on the images shown, which of the following best explains the process of diffusion in relation to the religious history of Spain?

• The opaque patterns on the stained glass windows are evidence of the diffusion of Russian Orthodox architecture, which was brought to Granada during the early sixteenth century by Christian missionaries.

• Southern Spain was once under Muslim control, as indicated by the Islamic architecture of the palace in the images.

• The script shown on the building diffused to Spain through Protestant missionaries from Rome who traveled to Spain in the early 1700s.

• The dome of the palace is evidence of Roman Catholicism, which diffused to Spain through Granada during Italy's rule of the port city.

Which of the following statements identifies a cultural trait evident in the photograph?

• The temple reflects the types of food and housing traditionally found in rural Chinese landscapes.

• Buddhism is the majority religion of Singaporeans.

• The temple reflects typical Buddhist architecture.

• The people in the area around the temple primarily speak Malay and Arabic.

The photograph was taken in Singapore. Which of the following statements best describes how the buildings shown in the photograph represent the culture of Singapore?

• The Buddhist temple represents the value of traditional religion in the culture of modern Singapore.

• The skyscrapers in the image represent the importance of economic success over religious expression in Singapore.

• The Buddhist temple is a modern structure that represents the recent expansion of Buddhism into Southeast Asia.

• The skyscrapers symbolize the traditional culture of Singapore as an ancient trade port.

The map shown was published in the United States in the early twentieth century. The title of the map is an example of

• assimilation

• acculturation

• ethnocentrism

• cultural diffusion

Using information from the image, which of the following can be described as identifiable signs and symbols of a Chinese cultural landscape in San Francisco?

• The United States flag and the Taiwanese flag

• The straight streets and the highly ornamental buildings

• Chinese-language signs and Chinese lamps

• Cars lining city streets and seafood in restaurants

The image shows the Old City of Jerusalem. Which statement best describes the spatial pattern in the cultural landscape?

• The image indicates that Muslim and Jewish citizens live in close proximity to each other.

• The image shows distinctive cultural areas that represent the five world religions that are practiced in close proximity to one another in the Old City.

• The skyscrapers shown in the image represent a secular landscape that indicates how modern Jerusalem has become.

• The image shows dispersed residential areas, implying that Jerusalem is very densely populated.

The event shown in the image is best explained as

• the development of new Internet-based pop culture in the United States

• a combination of traditional, indigenous, and European beliefs in Mexico

• indigenous American beliefs that have diffused into Spain

• a recent Halloween costume trend in rural regions of the United States

Which of the following processes describes how missionary activities change the geographies of universalizing religions outside of their founding hearths?

• Assimilation

• Expansion diffusion

• Hierarchical diffusion

• Relocation diffusion

A popular American hamburger chain successfully entered the fast-food market in India by altering the menu to include vegetarian burgers instead of hamburgers made with beef. This example can best be described as

• stimulus diffusion

• relocation diffusion

• hierarchical diffusion

• independent invention