AP Psych Ch 9 Soc Psych

Bart complied with his friends’ request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart’s experience best illustrates the:

• bystander effect.

• foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

• fundamental attribution error.

• frustration-aggression principle.

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite his having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student’s abilities?

• cognitive dissonance theory

• social exchange theory

• two-factor theory

• scapegoat theory

Since everyone in her dorm watched American Idol and The Apprentice, Tyra decided she better do the same. She didn’t particularly like those shows, but she wanted everyone to accept her. This example best illustrates:

• informational social influence.

• social facilitation

• groupthink.

• normative social influence.

In Stanley Milgram’s experiments, obedience was lowest when:

• the person giving the orders was perceived to have legitimate authority.

• the “victim” was at a distance.

• other participants were seen disobeying the experimenter.

• the participants were women.

Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda’s unusual behavior is best understood in terms of:

• the bystander effect.

• social facilitation

• deindividuation.

• the mere exposure effect.

Justin and Shane believe their team is better than the other teams in town. This illustrates:

• social loafing.

• the in-group bias.

• the just-world phenomenon.

• scapegoat theory.

Aggression and violence have been linked to all of the following, EXCEPT

• hot climates.

• families that have a father present.

• societies with greater disparity between the rich and the poor.

• social rejection.

In a social trap, individuals are most interested in:

• their own welfare, leading to mutually harmful behavior.

• their own welfare, leading to mutually beneficial behavior.

• the welfare of the other person, leading to mutual harm.

• the welfare of the other person, leading to self-harm.

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of:

• social traps.

• the mere exposure effect.

• mirror-image perceptions.

• the reciprocity norm.

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love?

• social exchange theory

• cognitive dissonance theory

• the two-factory theory

• the scapegoat theory