REPORT TEXT FOR ENGLISH LINAT GRADE X SMAN 1 WELERI

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According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

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A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

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Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

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Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

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Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

What is the author's main purpose in the passage?

• To propose a theory to explain sunspots

• To describe the nature of sunspots

• To compare the umbra and the penumbra in sunspots

• To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

Solar particles are hurled into space by...

• undetermined causes

• disturbances of wind

• small rivers on the surface of the sun

• changes in the earth's atmosphere

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

the sunspot theory is

• not considered very important

• widely accepted

• subject to disagreement

• relatively new

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

How can we describe matter from the sun that enters the earth's atmosphere?

• very small

• very hot

• very bright

• very hard

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

In which configuration do sunspots usually occur?

• in one spot of varying size

• in a configuration of two spots

• in arrangements of one hundred or more spots

• in groups of several thousand spots

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

How are sunspots explained?

• Sunspots appear to be related to magnetic fields on the earth.

• Sunspots maybe related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on the sun

• Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the earth

• Sunspots have no theory or model to explain them

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

The purpose of the text is to...

• retell the story of sunspots

• describe the natural phenomenon of sunspots

• persuade people to trust in the natural phenomenon of sunspots

• discuss the natural phenomenon because there are pros and contras

- 1 -

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.

- 2 -

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.

- 3 -

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.

- 4 -

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot's size.

- 5 -

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

What is the general participant of the text?

• Sunspots

• Umbras

• Penumbras

• Photospheres

- 1 -

The Acacia is a genus of trees and shrubs of the Mimosa family. Although nearly five hundred species of Acacia have been identified, only about a dozen of the three hundred Australian varieties grow well in the southern United States, and of these, only three are flowering. The Bailey Acacia has fernlike silver leaves and small, fragrant flowers arranged in rounded clusters. The Silver Wattle, although very similar to the Bailey Acacia, grows twice as high. The Sydney Golden Wattle is squat and bushy with broad, flat leaves. Named for its bright, yellow flowers, the Golden Wattle is the most showy and fragrant of the Acacias. Another variety, the Black Acacia or Blackwood, has dark green leaves and unobtrusive blossoms. Besides being a popular tree for ornamental purposes, the Black Acacia is valuable for its dark wood, which is used in making cabinets and furniture, including highly prized pianos.

- 2 -

The Acacia's unusual custom of blossoming in February has been commonly attributed to its Australian origins. In the Southern Hemisphere, of course, the seasons are reversed, and February, which is wintertime in the United States, is summertime in Australia. Actually, however, the pale, yellow blossoms appear in August in Australia. Whether growing in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere, the Acacia will bloom in winter.

With which of the following tropics is the passage primarily concerned?

• The Black of Acacia

• Characteristics and varieties of the acacia

• Australian varieties of the acacia

• The use of Acacia wood in ornamental furniture

- 1 -

The Acacia is a genus of trees and shrubs of the Mimosa family. Although nearly five hundred species of Acacia have been identified, only about a dozen of the three hundred Australian varieties grow well in the southern United States, and of these, only three are flowering. The Bailey Acacia has fernlike silver leaves and small, fragrant flowers arranged in rounded clusters. The Silver Wattle, although very similar to the Bailey Acacia, grows twice as high. The Sydney Golden Wattle is squat and bushy with broad, flat leaves. Named for its bright, yellow flowers, the Golden Wattle is the most showy and fragrant of the Acacias. Another variety, the Black Acacia or Blackwood, has dark green leaves and unobtrusive blossoms. Besides being a popular tree for ornamental purposes, the Black Acacia is valuable for its dark wood, which is used in making cabinets and furniture, including highly prized pianos.

- 2 -

The Acacia's unusual custom of blossoming in February has been commonly attributed to its Australian origins. In the Southern Hemisphere, of course, the seasons are reversed, and February, which is wintertime in the United States, is summertime in Australia. Actually, however, the pale, yellow blossoms appear in August in Australia. Whether growing in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere, the Acacia will bloom in winter.

How many species of Acacia grow well in the southern United States

• five hundred

• three hundred

• twelve

• three