Supplemental Biology: Chemistry of Life

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?

• a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring

• a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule

• a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

• a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

When lactose is digested by the human body, each lactose molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. To which of the following categories of molecules do these smaller molecules belong?

• Amnio Acids

• Monosaccharide

• Nucleic acids

• Polypeptide

A diagram of an organic molecule is below. Which element is found at the positions marked by the dots (•) in the molecule?

• Carbon

• Iron

• Nickle

• Calcium

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70°C or higher. At a temperature of 50°C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?

• The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.

• The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart

• The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70°C.

• The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70°C

The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?

• Aluminum

• Tin

• Phosphorus

• Mercury

The diagram above represents a fat molecule.

A fat molecule belongs to which category of organic molecules?

• Protein

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?

• storage of energy

• transmission of genetic material

• acceleration of chemical reactions

• transport of molecules across membranes

If scientists search other planets for possible life, they are likely to focus on the presence of molecules containing which of the following elements?

• Lithium

• Calcium

• Carbon

• Potassium

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

In red blood cells, the compound carbonic anhydrase increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood. In red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase acts as which of the following?

• Enzyme

• a Hormone

• Lipid

• a Sugar

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?

• Protein

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic acid