Unit 4 Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

What cell sends messages to B cells and Killer T cells to attack APCs?

• Cytotoxic T cells

• Neutrophils

• Helper T cells

• Plasma B cells

The cell that a ligand signals is the ________________.

• receiving ligand

• active site

• antibody

• target cell

An antibody is shaped like a Y. There are specific ____________ that the antibodies will match on the receiving ends so that the pathogens can be clumped together for a macrophage to engulf.

• antigens

• lipids

• bacteria

• ligands

A hormone is a molecule that will trigger a response inside of a target cell. The hormone is considered a ______.

• Receptor

• Inhibitor

• Ligand

• motor protein

cAMP is a(n)

• ligand

• secondary messenger

• inhibitor

• instigator

Action potential of the nervous system uses ____________ to allow sodium and potassium to enter or leave the nerve cell.

• G-protein-linked receptors

• Ligand-gated ion channels

• Catalytic receptors

• Quorum sensing

Which of the following is not one of the steps of signal transduction (process by which an external signal is transmitted to the inside of a cell.)?

• a signaling molecule binding to a specific receptor

• activation of a signal transduction pathway

• negative feedback is inhibited

• production of a cellular response

This doesn't act as an enzyme, but instead will bind a different version on the intracellular side when the ligand is bound extracellularly.

• G-protein-linked receptor

• Sodium-Potassium Pump

• Negative feedback pathway

• chemotaxis inhibitor

Mutations in the receptor or the ligand can alter

• gene expression

• signaling

• enzyme-substrate complexes

• Both gene expression and signaling

A series of protein kinases that add a phosphate group to the next protein in a sequence of reactions

• quorum sensing

• cascades

• alternative pathways

• operon functioning