SOAL UTBK SBMPTN

There are two crucial points on the topic of education and training of future educational psychologists. They are: the space and context of the school/educational psychologist’s performance; and the psychology undergraduate course curriculum. On the first point, it is understood and defended that there is a big difference between being an educational psychologist on the staff of a school, and acting as a school psychologist in a private office outside the institution. Even though the profession is defined by education (degree) and the purpose of the work (responding to school’s demands), it is understood that the local/position in which the professional stands makes a big difference in the role of its actions. Consequently, different elements are required in the process of the individual’s education/training, such as: knowledge about educational policies, organization and laws; training to deal with institution dynamic and continued education, etc.

On the second point, it is defended that the school environment and the whole structure that delimits this space should be considered when choosing disciplines and the method of knowledge construction for undergraduate curricula design, thereby expanding the professional’s insight into other knowledge fields, such as education and politics, among others. About the curriculum related to the performance of educational psychologists outside (as consultants or autonomous professionals) and inside the school (as part of the teacher/functionary board), a discussion is proposed between the professional practice and the reflections enabled by the application of the Network of Meanings concept, which may show, among others, connections between elements.

Adapted from: http://ac.els-cdn.com

The passage is mainly concerned with…

• psychological elements in education

• important points of education and training

• the work of educational psychologists

• educational policies for psychologists

• educational psychologists’ education and training

Before engineers dreamed of eliminating drivers in cars, they imagined eliminating the side mirrors. Now a long-sought solution looks closer to finally stripping cars of side mirrors. Many automakers demonstrate video systems that replace the Mickey Mouse ears with cameras. Continental, a major parts and systems supplier to automakers, was one of them.

In a customized Mercedes-Benz CLS, Continental demonstrated how its system would work. Thumb-size video cameras on the exterior of the car replace the side-mounted mirrors and use interior screens on the left and right side of the dashboard to deliver views of what is next to and behind the car. The screens are near where a driver would normally look to check a mirror, and the camera views are wider than what a physical mirror can provide, eliminating blind spots along the side of the car. The cameras, which can automatically adjust to reduce glare from sunlight or increase brightness at night, are also helpful in tight parking spots.

Technology suppliers hope that regulations requiring old-fashioned physical mirrors will be amended. Philipp Hoffmann, BMW’s project manager for camera monitor systems expected to begin road testing of the mirrorless systems in Europe this year, quickly followed by additional testing in Asia. He remained hopeful that the United States would follow soon.

He may have a good reason to be optimistic. Daimler AG, parent company of Mercedes-Benz, is already testing a couple of autonomous tractor-trailers in Nevada that use large high-definition screens instead of side mirrors. Also, BMW recently received an exemption from the Transportation Department in the U.S. to allow it to deploy an automatic parking feature that enables a BMW 7 Series car to park itself, while the driver stands on the curb. It is a feature the company demonstrated only a year ago.

Using cameras instead of physical mirrors could also end dangling damaged mirrors. To replace a typical mirror can be expensive as much as $946 on a 2015 Acura RLX, according to the insurance institute. However, Mr. McConnell at Continental noted potential savings in building cars that no longer need the structural support for side-mounted mirrors.

Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/05/automobiles/end-of-the-road-may-be-near-for-side-mirrors.html

How is the last sentence of paragraph 3 related to paragraph 4?

• The last sentence of paragraph 3 describes the regulation in

  implementing the technology in the U.S. and the following paragraph

  elaborates it.

• The sentence discusses the possibility for the technology to

  be implemented in the U.S. and the following paragraph explains the reason

  for the possibility.

• The sentence states Philipp Hoffman’s idea about eliminating drivers in car and the following paragraph elaborates the idea.

• Paragraph 4 provides an example to support the idea about the

  implementation of Mercedes-Benz technology mentioned in the previous

  sentence.

• Paragraph 4 explicates Continental’s sense of optimism provided in the last sentence of paragraph 3

Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, it is then important for us to know how to do it. The best way to begin a spring cleanse, and to optimize results, is to incorporate cleansing and alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanicals, and mind-body healing practices into a gentle program. They also allow healing and transformation to spring forth naturally.

According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy, every season correlates to different “elements” or organ systems in the body. For example, winter correlates with the water element and the kidneys/bladder system. From a Western naturopathic perspective, cold weather can put stress on your adrenal and thyroid glands. As a result, the blood becomes more acidic and there is a buildup of lactic acid. This can lead to sluggishness, muscle and joint pain, and arthritis.

Both Eastern and Western naturopathic medical systems agree that the transition from winter to spring offers an ideal opportunity to shed extra weight. It is also a good time to gently cleanse accumulated toxins from the body. This excess buildup can be the result of numerous factors. The main causes include unhealthy diet, poor digestion, lack of exercise, winter dehydration, normal metabolic processes, and environmental pollution.

In TCM, spring corresponds to the liver and the gallbladder. A gentle spring cleanse effectively supports the liver’s vital detoxification processes. It also eliminates toxins stored in organs and tissues, helps shed excess weight, alkalizes the body, and gets your circulation and energy moving. Digestion is improved and inflammation is reduced. Moreover, blood sugar is balanced and immune functions better.

A cleansing diet is the most critical component of any detoxification program. Animal protein, particularly red meat, should be minimized during a cleanse. It emphasizes lighter, organic plant-based proteins that are easier for the body to digest. Below are the critical components of a detox diet which can help improve digestion and enhance detoxification, resulting in greater energy and vitality.

Adapted from: http://innergardensprings.com/igs-blog/archives/06-2016

What is the best summary of the passage?

• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy believes that

  seasonal detoxification is a crucial practice for a holistic mind-body healing.

  This is because every season correlates to our body differently. According

  to this philosophy, our body is craving for a spring cleanse every year,

  and we must listen to our body.

• Seasonal detoxification should be done during the transition

  from winter to spring since it is the right time to get rid of toxins,

  shed extra weight and alkalize the body. To do this, people should

  incorporate cleansing and organic plant-based diet and combine them with

  mind-body healing practices.

• To obtain the best outcome for health, a detoxification program can only be done during winter of spring for three days up to three weeks. An effective way to do this is by combining cleansing and alkaline foods with light exercises

• To achieve the best result, a detoxification program needs to

  be done in between April and May. To do this, people need to combine

  cleansing with an alkaline-based diet that relies heavily on organic

  foods.

• Cleansing and alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanical and

  mind-body healing practices are the foundations of Traditional Chinese

  Medicine. To incorporate a TCM philosophy, every person must do a fast

  cleansing program in the spring.

Nearly 340,000 Rohingya children are living in squalid conditions in Bangladesh camps where they lack enough food, clean water and health care, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) said on Friday.

Up to 12,000 more children join them every week, fleeing violence or hunger in Myanmar, often still traumatized by atrocities they witnessed, it said in a report “Outcast and Desperate”. In all, almost 600,000 Rohingya refugees have left northern Rakhine state since 25 August when the UN says the Myanmar army began a campaign of “ethnic cleansing” following insurgent attacks.

“This isn’t going to be a short-term, it isn’t going to end anytime soon,” Simon Ingram, the report’s author and a UNICEF official, told a news briefing. “So, it is absolutely critical that the borders remain open and that protection for children is given and equally that children born in Bangladesh have their birth registered.”

Most Rohingya are stateless in Myanmar and many fled without papers, he said, adding of the newborns in Bangladesh: “Without an identity they have no chance of ever assimilating into any society effectively.”

Safe drinking water and toilets are in “desperately short supply” in the chaotic, teeming camps and settlements, Ingram said after spending two weeks in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.

“In a sense it’s no surprise that they must truly see this place as a hell on earth,” he said. One in five Rohingya children under the age of five is estimated to be acutely malnourished, requiring medical attention, he said. “There is a very, very severe risk of outbreaks of water-borne diseases, diarrhea and quite conceivably cholera in the longer-term,” he added. UNICEF is providing clean water and toilets, and has helped vaccinate children against measles and cholera, which can be deadly, he said.

Adapted from: http://www.theguardian.com

What does the author imply by stating “… and many fled without papers” in the fourth paragraph?

• Rohingya refugees had left their homeland without any

  identity documents.

• Rohingya refugees had left their homeland without any permission paper from the Myanmar government

• Rohingya refugees had left their homeland without an entrance

  permit from the Bangladesh government.

• Rohingya refugees had left their homeland without bringing

  any money.

• Rohingya refugees had left their homeland without bringing

  any paper or book to write their story.

What is an internship? Simply put, it is an opportunity that employers offer to students interested in gaining work experience in particular industries. An intern works at a company for a fixed period of time, usually three to six months. Some students will have a part-time internship in which they work at the office for just a few days or hours per week.

Others will have full-time internships, meaning they work the same hours as the company’s full-time employees. Internships can be any time of the year, including over the summer and during the regular quarter, trimester or semester.

Internships offer students a hands-on opportunity to work in their desired field. They learn how their course of study applies to the real world and build a valuable experience that makes them stronger candidates for jobs after graduation.

An internship can be an excellent way to “try out” a certain career. For instance, you may think you want a fast-paced job in advertising after college, but after an internship, you may find that it’s not for you; that’s valuable insight that will help you choose your career path.

In some colleges, internships also count towards course credit. This is dependent on your individual school’s requirements, but usually, a three-month long internship counts as a full course credit. Interns are usually college or graduate students. While interns are usually older students, like juniors or seniors, freshman and sophomores can seek out internships as well. Having several internships while in college can be very impressive to potential employers.

Unpaid internships are common, but there are plenty of paid internships too. Whether or not you will get a wage depends on your industry and role. For instance, editorial interns are rarely paid, while engineering students almost always are. If you can afford it, an unpaid internship can still be an extremely beneficial experience. You can get serious work experience, build a portfolio and establish a network of professional contacts which can help you after you graduate.

Taken from: http://www.thebalance.com

The author tries to explain what internship is by detailing … in order.

• definition, duration, and type

• definition, company, type, and time

• definition, company, duration, and type

• definition, duration, type, and time

• definition, type, duration, and time

A study reported in the Journal of Sensory Studies in 2012 found that food is perceived differently depending on the characteristics of the container. Betina Piqueras-Fiszman from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) and Charles Spence from the University of Oxford (UK) conducted an experiment with 57 participants who were asked to evaluate samples of hot chocolate served in four different kinds of plastic cups. The cups were all the same size but with different external colors: white, cream, red and orange with white on the inside. They found that the participants rated hot chocolate in an orange or cream colored cup to taste better than in a white or red one.

Perceptions of the sweetness, rather than the flavor of the cocoa, and also the aroma (smell) were much less influenced by the color of the cup, although participants found the chocolate to be slightly sweeter and more aromatic in a cream colored cup. Betina Piqueras-Fiszman explained that the color of the container where food and drink are served can enhance some attributes like taste and aroma. There is no fixed rule stating that flavor and aroma are enhanced in a cup of a certain color or shade. In reality this varies depending on the type of food, but the truth is that, as this effect occurs, more attention should be paid to the color of the container as it has more potential than one could imagine.

Their article also summarized previous studies that also confirmed the effect of containers on sensory characteristics of food or drink. For example, the flavor of lemon in yellow tins was preferred to that of soft drinks presented in a cold color such as blue. Drinks in pink containers were viewed as being more sugary. Strawberry mousse presented on a white plate seemed sweeter than on a black plate. Coffee in brown packaging was associated with a stronger flavor and aroma.

Adapted from: http://www.psyarticles.com

The sentence “There is no fixed rule stating that flavor and aroma are enhanced in a cup of a certain color or shade” in paragraph 2 can be restated as…

• The aroma and the taste of food and drink will depend on

  whether or not it is placed in a colored cup.

• The research confirms if a colored cup really can enhance the

  taste and aroma of the food and drink.

• Certain color or shade in a cup can fix the taste or aroma of

  the food and drink.

• The research cannot confirm which specific colors can give

  better taste and aroma to the food and drink.

• The research found that the flavor and aroma of the food and

  drink can be enhanced by placing them in a cup.

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.

Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.

The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.

Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.

(Adapted from www.nature.com)

The passage above mainly discusses about….

• the hiatus observation was first carried out several

  years ago

• the reason why global warming is slowing down in

  this century

• global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of

  a decade

• the contention about global warming and whether it

  is indeed slowing this period

• the view of study in science that the hiatus is an

  artifact which vanishes

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.

Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.

The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.

Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.

(Adapted from www.nature.com)

The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….

• magnificent

• indolent

• shrewd

• promenade

• well-known

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.

(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)

Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?

• ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot

• Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result

• The

  use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies

  have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.

• Over

  the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in

  educational method.

• Over

  the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase

  teaching and learning outcomes.

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.

Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….

• educational

  growth in the last two decades

• the

  development of education by using ICT

• the

  advantages of using ICT in the learning process

• teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching

• ICT

  and education in today’s learning development