Chemistry and Water Review

Which property allows solid ice to float in liquid water?

• Density

• High specific heat

• High boiling point

• Adhesion

When the temperature on Earth drops abruptly, the land cools down faster than the sea.

Which property of water allows water to be resistant to sudden temperature changes?

• Density

• Adhesion

• High specific heat capacity

• Surface tension

Water is often referred to as a universal solvent because it can dissolve many substances.

What property of water makes it such a good solvent?

• Acidity

• Polarity

• Lower density as liquid

• Low specific heat

The scale below shows the pH levels of various liquids.

Which of the following substances is a weak acid?

• Baking soda

• Bleach

• Lemon Juice

• Soda

As liquid water becomes ice, the space between water molecules increases.

Which property of water does this change describe?

• Water has a high boiling point

• Water has a high specific heat capacity.

• Water molecules have adhesive properties.

• Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid.

A new dish soap claims that it is able to remove grease from pots and pans while still fully dissolving in the dishwasher water.

Which of the following best explains the ideal structure of the dish soap molecule?

• The dish soap molecule must be polar at one end to dissolve grease, and nonpolar at the other end so it can dissolve in water.

• The dish soap molecule must be nonpolar so that it can dissolve in both grease and water.

• The dish soap molecule must be polar so that it can dissolve both grease and water.

• The dish soap molecule must be nonpolar at one end to dissolve grease, and polar at the other end so it can dissolve in water.

Water has a boiling point of 100.0∘C, which is unusually high compared to many other liquids.

Which of the following properties allows water to have a high boiling point?

• It contains only three atoms.

• It is a small, covalent molecule.

• It contains oxygen.

• It can form hydrogen bonds.

Which statement best describes why water is an effective solvent?

• Water’s relatively small size allows it to fit between individual atoms, driving them apart.

• Water’s hydrophobic nature separates polar and non-polar substances.

• Water’s polarity allows it to dissolve ionic and polar compounds.

• Water is an ionic compound that attracts other like molecules.

The air temperature ranges of several Southern California cities in August are shown in the table below.

Which of the following best explains why coastal cities like San Diego often have a smaller air temperature range than inland cities?

• The cohesive tendency of water molecules causes high surface tension, so heat is unable to penetrate the top layer of the ocean and escape into the air.

• The high heat capacity of water allows the ocean to moderate the temperature of nearby air and land.

• The adhesive properties of ocean water allow the water molecules to stick to one another, preventing temperature change of the air above it.

• Because water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid, it easily vaporizes, causing excess heat to escape into the air near coastal cities.

A biologist develops a simulation of the carbon cycle in a laboratory by setting up a closed ecosystem. The ecosystem consists of a glass container with an Earth-like atmosphere and a body of freshwater. In the water are a fish and an aquatic plant. The container is kept in well-lit and temperature controlled conditions.

Which of the following best explains how the the fish influences the carbon level in the atmosphere?

• It increases the carbon dioxide levels through photosynthesis.

• It increases the carbon dioxide levels through cellular respiration.

• It decreases the carbon dioxide levels when it decomposes.

• It decreases the carbon dioxide levels by consuming the plant.