AP Biology Unit 5: Heredity REVIEW

What is a genome?

• The complete complement of an organismʹs genes

• A specific set of polypeptides within each cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?

• Genes correspond to segments of DNA.

• Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.

• During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg.

• One gene only is used in a specific cell type.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which of the following ways?

• Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually transmit only 50%.

• Asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction is utilized only by plants and animals.

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

• Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits.

• Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one

• Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits

Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following occurs?

• Natural selection

• Mutation

• Crossing over

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A geneʹs location along a chromosome is known as which of the following?

• Allele

• Sequence

• Locus

What is a karyotype?

• The combination of chromosomes found in a gamete

• A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

• prophase

• metaphase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The human X and Y chromosomes

• are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike.

• include genes that determine an individualʹs sex.

• include only genes that govern sex determination.

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

• The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell.

• Each cell has 8 homologous pairs.