2.1 Relatedness of Organisms

Structures in different species with similar anatomical structure and developmental origin (e.g. same bones in the same positions used for a different function) are:

• Homologous

• Analogous

• Divergent

• Convergent

Structures in different species with a different anatomical structure and developmental origin, but a similar shape and function are:

• Homologous

• Analogous

• Divergent

• Convergent

Divergent and convergent are types of:

• Biodiversity

• Evolution

• Biological Molecule

• Bonding

Which of the following best describes DNA sequencing as a form of assessing relatedness?

• Organisms with fewer RNA sequences are more closely related

• Organisms with more RNA sequences in common are more closely related

• Organisms with fewer DNA sequences in common are more closely related.

• Organisms with more DNA sequences in common are more closely related.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of the following describes DNA hybridisation for assessing relatedness?

• DNA from two species is extracted, separated and broken into fragments. The fragments are mixed with serum from one species containing its antibodies. Precipitate will form where DNA hybridises.

• Proteins are extracted from two species. The proteins are broken down into amino acids. The amino acids are mixed together. If the species are closely related, the amino acids will mix and form the original proteins.

• DNA from two species is extracted, separated and broken into fragments. The fragments are mixed and allowed to reform a double helix. Where there are complementary base pairs, DNA will hybridise.

Which two species are most closely related to A?

• D & B

• C & D

• B & E

• C & E

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Ostrich wings are examples of

• homologous structures
• vestigial structures
• adaptations
• traits

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Why do embryologist study embryos?

• to see if they are related
• to understand adaptations
• to determine the age
• to learn what parents are vestigial

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-3

What is embryology?

• the age of organisms
• the oldest stage of development
• the life span of an organism
• the earliest growth stage of development

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-3

This makes an organism more suited to its enviornment

• species
• lifespan
• adaptation
• mutation

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4