Unit 5 Review

A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):

• Prototype
• Concept
• Algorithm
• Heuristic

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:

• Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
• Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
• Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
• Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs

Mental sets and functional fixedness are types of:

• Algorithms
• Heuristics
• Fixation
• Insight

A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):

• Prototype
• Algorithm
• Heuristic
• Mental set

Which of the following is an example of the use of heuristics?

• Trying every possible combination of letters when unscrambling a word
• Considering each possible move when playing chess
• Using the formula “area=length x width” to find the area of a rectangle
• Playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you

A prototype is a:

• Step-by-step procedure for solving problems
• Mental grouping of similar objects, events or people
• Best example of a particular category
• Simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently

When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:

• Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same 
• Phonemes and morphemes are both increased
• Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same
• Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes increases

Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• A mental set
• The representativeness heuristic

Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people’s decisions are being influenced by:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• The representativeness heuristic
• Functional fixedness

With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:

• The framing effect
• Confirmation bias
• Mental set
• Overconfidence