17.3 Colonial Latin America

[Preview] What 4-letter word can mean a contest between runners or drivers but also can mean a category of people distinguished by physical characteristics that are important in a society?

[p1] What part of the Americas did Portugal dominate from the 16th century forward?

• Brazil

• Mexico

• The Ohio River valley

• Peru

[p1] Which list correctly arranges the social classes of colonial Latin America from highest to lowest?

• peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes

• Native Americans, Africans, Europeans

• Clergy, nobility, commoners

• missionaries, viceroys, mestizos, Native Americans

[p1] Which of these means "a person of European descent (ie white) born in Latin America (not in Europe) and living there permanently"?

• creole

• peninsulare

• mestizo

• mulatto

[p2] Which of these means "a person of mixed European & Native American descent"?

• creole

• peninsulare

• mestizo

• mulatto

[p2] The peninsulares and creoles considered all these multiethnic groups to be...

• socially inferior.

• legal & economic equals.

• socially superior.

[p2] How did Spain & Portugal enrich themselves with their Latin American colonies? Select TWO from this list.

• They extracted precious metals (gold & silver)

• They created vast estates (plantations) where they used cheap (slave) labor to grow cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton) for export

• They invested heavily in schools, roads, & other improvements to their colonies

• They maintained friendly trade relations with the Aztec & Inca Empires

[p2] What were the "encomienda" & "mita" in Spain's colonies?

• Systems for forcing Native Americans to work for Spanish colonists

• Legal treaties in which the Spanish colonists agreed to let the Native Americans keep their old religion

• Spice plants grown on plantations & exported to Spain

[p4] Spanish & Portuguese kings appointed governors-general, later called _____, to govern their colonies in Latin America

[p4] How did Catholic missionaries aid European powers in controlling the lives of Native Americans?

• They brought Native Americans together in villages where they were taught trades and encouraged to grow crops.

• They supplied most of the firearms to the Europeans.

• They encouraged the idea of divine right between Europeans and Native Americans.

• They ensured that Native Americans were drafted to work in the silver mines.