Formation of Sedimentary Rock and Fossil Fuels

After weathering, erosion, and deposition break down solid rock into sediments, what processes must happen to form sandstone?

• precipitation and evaporation

• heat and pressure

• cooling and hardening

• compaction and cementation

Some students want to make a model to show the first step in the formation of coal. Which of the following materials should the students use for the model?

• metal minerals

• decaying plants

• atmospheric gases

• rocks

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following processes is needed to form both fossil fuels and sedimentary rock?

• heat

• pressure

• wind

• rain

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of sedimentary rock?

• can contain fossils

• made of cemented sediments

• made from cooled lava

• deposited in strata (layers)

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Sedimentary rock forms when—

• sediments are deposited in layers, then compacted and cemented.

• someone stacks rocks on top of each other in layers.

• lava from a volcano cools and hardens in layers.

• sediments are compacted in layers, then eroded to a new place.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Millions of years ago, microscopic plants called diatoms lived near the surface of the seas. How did diatoms eventually form oil?

• Diatoms melted as they were heated on top of layers of sediments over millions of years.

• Diatoms died, sank to the bottom of the seas, were eaten by fish, and formed fossils.

• Diatoms died, sank to the bottom of the seas, were buried by sediment, and underwent heat and pressure over millions of years.

• Diatoms were buried and compacted under layers of sediment until they became lava.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Some processes related to changes to Earth’s surface are shown in the photo. Which processes are not required for sedimentary rock formation?

• Processes 1, 3, 4, and 5

• Processes 2, 5, and 6

• Processes 1, 2, and 4

• Processes 1, 4, 5, and 6

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Millions of years ago, giant trees grew in swamps. How did those giant trees eventually form coal?

• The trees melted as they were heated on top of layers of sediments over millions of years.

• The trees died, were buried by sediment and rock, and underwent heat and pressure over millions of years.

• The trees died and were buried and compacted under layers of sediment until they became lava.

• The trees burned during wildfires over millions of years.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Which of the following processes in the photo are required for sedimentary rock formation?

• Processes 6, 7, and 8 only

• Processes 3, 4, and 7 only

• Processes 2, 5, and 8 only

• Processes 2, 3, and 6 only

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2