AP Psych - Social Psychology review

As John walks down the hallway between classes, he says ”hi” to classmates as they walk by. One classmate does not return his greeting and John assumes he is standoffish and cold. In reality, the classmate who did not return John’s greeting had just received a bad grade in Geometry and was disappointed and deep in thought. He didn’t even notice John. John’s mistaken explanation for his classmate’s behavior is best explained by

• the peripheral attitude

• the self-serving bias

• the fundamental attribution error

• the central attitude error

• the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Serena is a marketing major and is tasked with developing an ad campaign to promote vaccinations in children. A strong believer in vaccinations, Serena researches the statistics on disease prevention as a result of the shots and prepares a fact-based campaign intending to convince her audience. The method Serena is employing for her campaign is called the

• self-serving bias

• fundamental attribution technique

• attitude adjustment

• peripheral route persuasion

• central route persuasion

Which psychologist, in his classic prison study, was able to show that the role someone plays has a clear impact on attitudes and behaviors?

• Stanley Milgram

• Solomon Asch

• Leon Festinger

• Philip Zimbardo

• Sigmund Freud

Reynaldo is heading up a school-wide fundraising event. Since he knows it will be difficult to get people involved, he first asks the teachers if he can have 2 minutes in their classrooms to announce the event. The teachers agree to this. Instead of asking his classmates for money right away, he asks if they will sign a poster in the cafeteria pledging to help spread the word and most of his classmates come to sign the poster. The next month he invites a group of friends over to his house to eat pizza and make posters for the halls. Over time Reynaldo is able to build his support base, and eventually raises a record amount of money for the event. It is apparent that Reynaldo was well-versed in the

• peripheral route persuasion

• central route persuasion

• cognitive dissonance theory

• foot-in-the-door phenomenon

• fundamental attribution theory

Ashton participated in anti-smoking education classes from elementary through high school and had always rejected smoking. Recently, however, Ashton has begun smoking. Ashton feels bad about going against his beliefs and when asked by his peers why he is smoking when he knows it is dangerous to his health, he tries to rationalize his actions by telling them “I might die sooner, but at least I’ll have fun.” Ashton’s conflicting actions and beliefs are evidence of

• cognitive dissonance

• role playing

• peripheral attitudes

• attitude change

• attribution theory

The just-world phenomenon often leads people to

• believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer

• work to resolve and lessen social injustices

• dislike and distrust those who are wealthy

• express higher levels of prejudice after suffering frustration

• respond with kindness to those who mistreat them

Toby publicly agrees with his friends that Ahmed, a senior, would make the best Student Senate President. On the secret ballot, however, he actually votes for Yoram. Toby's public conformity to his friends' opinion best illustrates the power of

• informational social influence

• social facilitation

• the mere exposure effect

• normative social influence

• deindividuation

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to

• become more distracted from their tasks when working with friends than when working with strangers.

• perform a complex task more poorly when others are present.

• exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal.

• stop working once they have reached their goal.

• exert less effort when they are paid by the hour, not by the amount of work completed.

In Milgram's obedience experiments, “teachers” exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance with an experimenter's orders when

• the “learner” screamed as the shocks became more punishing

• the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale University.

• the “learner” was in another room where his physical well-being couldn't be observed by the “teacher.”

• the “teacher” was instructed to administer the learning test and someone else was asked to shock the “learner.”

• the "teacher" was instructed to not shock the "learner" no matter what the circumstance

At a conscious level, Aaron doesn't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable in situations where he has to interact with people of different races from his own. Aaron's experience best illustrates the distinction between

• social facilitation and social loafing

• situational and dispositional attributions

• equity and self-disclosure

• normative and informational social influence

• explicit and implicit attitudes