A plan is a blueprint for action that prescribes the activities necessary for the organization to realize its goals.

• True

• False

One of the easiest parts of the planning function is anticipating changes in the general environment.

• True

• False

One cost of planning is that it may delay decision-making.

• True

• False

All planning is done through either a top-down approach or a bottom-up approach.

• True

• False

The primary advantage of top-down planning is that the individuals closest to the operating system, customers, or suppliers initiate the planning process.

• True

• False

Strategic planning occurs at three primary levels within an organization: corporate, business, and functional.

• True

• False

Operational planning focuses on determining the day-to-day activities that are necessary to achieve the long-term goals of the organization.

• True

• False

Single-use plans are designed to deal with organizational issues or problems that recur frequently.

• True

• False

Once the MBO cycle is complete, the process ends and employees disband their groups.

• True

• False

As planning, by definition, suggests change, many managers do not plan because they are uncomfortable with change.

• True

• False