Learning and Memory

Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about which of the following?

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• counterconditioning

• latent learning

Which of the following best describes a neutral stimulus?

• stimulus that causes an automatic response

• stimulus that does not cause a response

• stimulus that has been learned

• stimulus that is conditioned

What is the process by which a stimulus increases the chances of a preceding behavior occurring again?

• reinforcement

• flooding

• extinction

• systematic desensitization

On what kind of a reinforcement schedule does a slot machine work?

• variable-ratio schedule

• fixed-ratio schedule

• variable-interval schedule

• fixed-interval schedule

Computers and people both handle information using which processes?

• implicit, semantic, and episodic memories

• maintenance and elaborative rehearsals

• sensory, short term, and long term memories

• encoding, storage, and retrieval

Which is the easiest of the three basic memory tasks?

• recall

• recognition

• relearning

• chunking

Which of the following best describes chunking?

• replacing what is already stored with new information

• organizing items into familiar or manageable units

• fading of memory in bits and pieces.

• recalling the last items in a series

A stimulus that causes an automatic response

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus

• discrimination

• operant conditioning

We can more easily remember bits of information by organizing them into mental representations of the world called

• icons

• echoes

• mnemonic devices

• schemas

Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• taste aversion

• discrimination