Biology STAAR Review RC3-5

The fact that a strain of yeast with a certain defective gene can use the human version of the gene to repair itself is evidence that yeast and humans

• depend on the same food supply

• share a genetic code

• both have eukaryotic cells

• have identical genomes

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase?

• The frequency of the genes in one individual

• The frequency of the genes in the population

• The number of genes in one chromosome

• The number of genes in the species

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

A student collected the animal shown below on a field trip. The student used a dichotomous key and a microscope to classify the animal. How should this animal be classified?

• Arthropoda

• Annelida

• Mollusca

• Platyhelminthes

Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs, centipedes, and millipedes are examples of the many types of arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related?

• Arthropods of the same family

• Arthropods of the same class

• Arthropods of the same genus

• Arthropods of the same species

After examining the fossil record, scientists have determined that scorpions today are much smaller than their extinct ancestors. For example, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, a giant scorpion species that lived 255 million to 460 million years ago, was 2.5 meters long. Which of the following conclusions is supported by this information?

• Scorpions living today have increased their numbers since they first appeared.

• Scorpions in the fossil record are smaller than their descendants are.

• Scorpions have changed as a result of natural selection.

• Scorpions do not appear in their original state in the fossil record.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

A harmless scarlet king snake and a venomous eastern coral snake have similar band patterns, as shown below. For the scarlet king snake, the adaptation of having a banding pattern like the eastern coral snake’s is known as mimicry. The outcome of this adaptation in the scarlet king snake is to

• make it easier for the scarlet king snake to attract prey

• make it easier for the scarlet king snake to interbreed with the other snake

• allow the scarlet king snake to blend in with its environment

• protect the scarlet king snake from predators

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they

• have the same basic structure

• perform the same function

• are the same size

• are parts of mammals

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The diagram shows taxonomic groups and a major distinguishing characteristic of all but two of them. Which characteristics will be used to complete the chart?

• motile, nonmotile

• autotrophic, heterotrophic

• nonphotosynthetic, photosynthtic

• no nucleus, nucleus

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports

• the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules

• the wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue

• the water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots

• the oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following correctly describes how a diagram of cellular respiration would differ from a diagram of photosynthesis?

• The cellular-respiration diagram would show electromagnetic waves as the final product.

• The cellular-respiration diagram would show glucose as the main source of energy.

• The cellular-respiration diagram would show energy stored in large protein molecules.

• The cellular-respiration diagram would show water as the main source of chemical energy.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7